金融科技对商业银行的影响——以招商银行转型为例
摘
要
当金融服务与科学技术相融合，一场以技术为核心推动力的新时代已然来临，金融
科技正重构金融服务产业。在此变革之际，我国商业银行也遭遇诸多未知挑战，如：利
率市场化改革、非金融机构的崛起、市场竞争激烈、传统商业银行差异性的桎梏等。所
以，传统商业银行如何把握金融科技的发展契机，抢先获取转型优势，增强自身实力，
使其在变革中占据优势，是其率先追求的目标。
金融科技并非是商业银行的竞争对手，而是商业银行提升规模的助推者。由于当前
我国金融市场巨大，商业银行以金融科技的新技术占领市场份额的时间极短。因此，金
融科技以新技术手段筛选出了一批科技型的商业银行，而这正是传统商业银行所追寻的
发展目标。科技型商业银行利用金融科技创新金融产品和服务。这种高效集约的盈利模
式，代替了传统重型资产规模的运营方式，能够有效地实现速度和质量双向发展，有利
于提高其运营效率。
本文以招商银行为案例研究的突破口，总结招商银行发展至今的三次转型过程，整
理招商银行运用金融科技进行转型的四项措施。四大策略分别是：拓宽获客渠道、优化
金融产品、调整内部结构、完善科技系统。通过对招商银行引入金融科技以实现转型的
个案剖析，运用财务指标分析法探究了金融科技对招商银行转型产生的效应，从创新金
融服务、削减运营成本、增强风控实力、提高获客能力等几方面说明金融科技对于招商
银行的影响，得出了适合其他商业银行引入金融科技进行转型的对策建议。一是制定金
融科技型战略；二是设计金融科技型产品；三是建设金融科技型渠道；四是完善金融科
技型风控；五是储备金融科技型人才。
本文的创新性主要体现在研究方法和方向上。综合当前文献资料，通过梳理发现，
国内外学者对商业银行金融科技化方面的案例研究讨论较少，普遍存在重理论性研究轻
案例性剖析的情况。因此，本文采用理论结合案例实际的分析方法，从招商银行推进金
融科技转型入手，对比招商银行引入金融科技前后的财务指标，来讨论金融科技对于招
商银行转型产生的效果和影响。从而给出其他商业银行的运用金融科技进行转型的策略
建议。在研究方法上有别于其他学者，具有一定的创新性。
关键词：金融科技；财务指标分析法；商业银行转型策略
I

Abstract
Abstract
With the integrate finance and technology, a new era whose core driving force is
technology has arrived. Fintech is rebuilding the global financial industry chain. During this
reform, domestic commercial banks are facing unknown challenges, e.g., interest rate
liberalization, the emergence from non-financial institution, intense competition, limitation of
commercial bank differentiation. Therefore, how to catch up with the opportunity to improve
competition and optimizing transformation is the traditional commercial banks’ primary goal.
Fintech is not a competitor to commercial banks, but a facilitator to enhance the scale of
commercial banks. As the financial market is huge, it’s a quite short time that the commercial
banks occupy the market share with the new technologies. Therefore, technology commercial
banks have been selected out by Fintech, and this is the exactly what the traditional commercial
banks pursue. Tech-based commercial banks use Fintech to innovate financial products and
services. This efficient and intensive model replaces the traditional asset-scale operation
method. It achieves the two-way development of speed and quality, which is conductive to
enhancing its operating efficiency.
Since China Merchants Bank has been taken as the case study, this thesis sorts out three
transformation stages and four transformation measures using Fintech. The transformation
measures are: broaden business channels; optimize product allocation; improve lightweight
system; improve technical system. Discussing the effect of Fintech on China Merchants Bank
transformation by Financial Index to other commercial banks transformation. It illustrated from
four aspects: Innovative Financial Service; Reduce Operation Cost; Improve Risk Management;
Enhance Customer Acquisition. At last, this thesis proposes four strategies. They are:
Formulating Fintech Strategies; Designing Fintech Products; Building Fintech Channels;
Improving Fintech Risk Control.
The research method is innovation. In the past, domestic and foreign scholars have less
discussion on the case study of Fintech Bank, and generally pay more attention to theoretical
research than case analysis. Therefore, this thesis starts with the China Merchants Bank
promotion of Fintech transformation, using the analysis method which combine theory with
case practice. Comparing the financial index that China Merchants Bank did and not absorb
Fintech, this thesis tries to find out the impact and effect caused by Fintech. It is different from
other scholars in research methods and has certain innovation.
Key Words: Fintech; Financial Index Analysis; Bank Transformation Strategy
II

金融科技对商业银行的影响——以招商银行转型为例
目录
1绪论.............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1研究背景及意义................................................................................................. 1
1.1.1研究背景................................................................................................... 1
1.1.2选题意义................................................................................................... 2
1.2国内外研究现状综述......................................................................................... 2
1.2.1金融科技的基础研究............................................................................... 2
1.2.2金融科技对商业银行的影响................................................................... 3
1.2.3商业银行转型的研究............................................................................... 4
1.2.4研究现状评述........................................................................................... 5
1.3研究内容与研究方法......................................................................................... 6
1.3.1研究内容................................................................................................... 6
1.3.2研究方法................................................................................................... 7
1.4可能的创新性..................................................................................................... 8
2基本概念与相关理论.................................................................................................. 9
2.1金融科技的概述................................................................................................. 9
2.1.1金融科技的内涵与主要模式................................................................... 9
2.1.2金融科技的发展过程............................................................................. 10
2.1.3金融科技的未来趋势............................................................................. 11
2.2相关理论基础................................................................................................... 12
2.2.1长尾理论................................................................................................. 12
2.2.2微笑曲线理论......................................................................................... 12
2.2.3金融创新理论......................................................................................... 13
3招商银行转型的案例介绍........................................................................................ 14
3.1招商银行简介................................................................................................... 14
3.2招商银行转型的发展历程............................................................................... 14
3.2.1第一次转型............................................................................................. 15
3.2.2第二次转型............................................................................................. 16
3.2.3第二次转型深化...........................................................