大型银行服务下沉对中小银行信贷业务的影响——以杭州市 Y区为例
摘要
大型银行服务下沉，即大型银行为实体经济中数量最多、行业覆盖最广的小
微企业提供相关业务支持。这原本是中小银行的天职，如今在政策鼓励、科技创
新等诸多因素驱动下，越发成为大型银行信贷业务的趋势。虽然，不同规模银行
开展竞争，对小微企业纾困解难有积极意义。但另一方面，众多中小银行的市场
空间受到了大行的挤压，目前已产生了何种程度的影响尚无定论。
本文在系统回顾了主题有关文献的基础上，分析了大型银行服务下沉的表现、
原因及大型银行对中小银行产生的影响。为进一步探讨，本文以杭州市Y区的银
行业为例，采用向量自回归模型（VAR）的脉冲响应函数和方差分解技术，分析
了大型银行对中小银行信贷业务的影响情况。同时结合银行业务开展实际，对某
小型银行Y区分行A行进行现场访谈调研，分析了该银行小微企业信贷业务受到
大行的影响情况及其流失的典型小微企业客户。本文认为有很多原因使得大型银
行对中小银行产生影响，综合实证和案例分析发现大型银行服务下沉对中小银行
贷款市场份额的影响最为显著，而在贷款利率方面的影响不显著。
最后，本文结合我国银行业发展的实际提出了一些建议。本文认为监管当局
要致力于银行业小微企业信贷市场的良性竞争；不同规模银行应探索适度性、阶
梯式下沉的信贷业务模式；中小银行要加强自身革新应对当前来自大型银行的挑
战。
关键词：银行规模；信贷市场；信贷竞争；小微企业融资；杭州案例
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大型银行服务下沉对中小银行信贷业务的影响——以杭州市 Y区为例
Abstract
“Inclusive financial service”, that is, give business support for the small and
micro enterprises, which make the largest part of the real economy and cover the most
industries. This responsibility originally belonged to the small and medium-sized
banks. Now banks are driven by many factors, such as policy encouragement, etc.
More and more large-scale banks focus on credit business of the small and micro
enterprises. Of course, the competition of different banks makes contribution to the
small and micro-enterprises. However, on the other hand, the market space of many
small and medium-sized banks has been squeezed by large banks. It is difficult to say
to what extent the impact has been achieved. Therefore, further analysis has some
value.
This paper systematically reviews of the relevant literature on the subject. Based
on the reasons for large banks engaging in small and micro enterprises’ businesses,
the mechanism of the influence of large banks on small and medium-sized banks are
analyzed. For further discussion, this paper takes the banking industry in Y district of
Hangzhou as an example. By using the impulse response function and variance
decomposition technique of vector autoregressive model (VAR), the influence of large
banks on small and medium banks is analyzed. Meanwhile, a small bank A in Y
district is interviewed, and a typical small and micro enterprise from this bank’s
customers are analyzed. This paper argues that there are many reasons why large
banks influence small and medium-sized banks. It is found that the large banks’
service has the most significant effect on the market share of small and medium-sized
banks, but not on the loan interest rate.
Finally, combined with the reality of banking development in China, some
suggestions are put forward. The article argues that regulators should be committed to
a healthy competition for small and micro businesses in the banking sector. Banks of
different sizes should explore appropriate business models which like ladders. Small
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大型银行服务下沉对中小银行信贷业务的影响——以杭州市 Y区为例
and medium-sized banks should strengthen their own innovation to meet the current
challenges from large banks.
Keywords: bank scale; credit market; credit competition; small and micro enterprise
financing; hangzhou case
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