我国上市商业银行运营绩效的评价及提升策略研究
摘要
商业银行是现代社会和经济中非常重要的金融机构，随着对外开放和金融
国际化进程的不断加快，我国银行业迎来了巨大的竞争压力。面对挑战，商业
银行要想获得生存和发展，就要使自身的竞争能力和综合实力得到全面发展，
即促进商业银行的运营绩效持续提升。
本文首先梳理了国内外对商业银行运营绩效的研究现状、相关理论，明确
了本文采用的方法和模型，包括 DEA方法、Malmquist指数和 Tobit模型。其次，
构建我国上市商业银行运营绩效的多因素评价指标体系，运用 DEA方法和
Malmquist指数对运营绩效进行整体和分类、静态和动态的多角度对比评价，并
利用 Tobit模型，从两个层面实证分析了上市商业银行运营绩效及其盈利能力等
四个方面的影响因素。在此基础上，结合实证分析选取代表性银行进行案例研
究。最后，从盈利能力、内部营运、风险管理、发展潜力等方面提出了上市商
业银行运营绩效的提升策略。
运营绩效的测度结果表明以资产总额、现金流入和营业支出为投入，以贷
款总额、扣非净利润、不良贷款和非利息收入为产出，能较明显区分银行整体
和不同类型银行的效率及变动指数，反映出银行之间运营效率水平差异和发展
趋势。存贷比、收入成本比、非利息收入占比、销售净利率、不良贷款率和人
均营业支出对运营绩效有显著影响。扩大优质资产规模、提高资金周转率、扩
大利润来源、风险控制科学化、优化成本投向和推进金融科技等举措有利于运
营绩效的提升。
关键词：上市商业银行运营绩效 Malmquist指数 Tobit模型

RESEARCH ON THE EVALUATION OF
OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF
CHINA’S LISTED BANKS AND
PROMOTION STRATEGY
ABSTRACT
Commercial banks are crucial financial institutions in modern society and economy.
With the continuous acceleration of opening to the world and financial
internationalization, China banking industry is facing huge competition pressure. In
order to survive and develop in this situation of challenges, commercial banks must
develop their competitiveness and comprehensive strengths in an all-round way, that is,
to promote the continuous improvement of commercial banks' operating performance.
This paper firstly summarizes the research status and relevant theories of
commercial bank operating performance at home and abroad, and clarifies the methods
and models adopted in this paper, including DEA, Malmquist index and Tobit model.
Secondly, DEA and Malmquist index are used to evaluate the static and dynamic
operating performance and different aspects of listed banks by constructing evaluation
indicators for their operating performance, and Tobit model is used to empirically
analyze the significant influencing factors towards both the operating performance and
four aspects thereof. On this basis, conduct the case study of representative bank, and
provide the enhancement recommendations of operational performance from the
profitability, internal operation, risk management, development potential and other
aspects of listed banks.
The measure results of operating performance show that taking total assets, cash
flow and operating expenses as input, with total loans, the net profit, non-performing
loan and non-interest income as output, can obviously distinguish between Banks in
general and of different types of bank efficiency and fluctuation index, reflects a bank's
operating efficiency level between difference and development trend. Each factor will
have different influence on profitability, internal operation, risk management and
development potential. The loan-to-deposit ratio, non-performing loan ratio, non-
interest income ratio, income-cost ratio, sales net profit rate and per capita operating
expenses have a significant impact on operating performance. Initiatives such as
expanding quality asset scale, raising the turnover rate of funds, expanding the sources
of profits, making risk control scientific, optimizing cost orientation and promoting
fintech will be conducive to the improvement of operating performance.

KEY WORDS：Listed commercial bank Operational performance Malmquist
index Tobit model
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