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日期: 2022年5月31日
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日期: 2022年5月31日
日期: 2022年5月31日
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中北大学学位论文
基于双边用户策略行为的网约车平台定价研究
摘要
近年来,网约车服务的兴起为出行市场带来新的变化。网约车平台连接着交通出行
市场的需求方和供给方,乘客和司机作为平台两端的用户,其策略行为均对平台的运作
产生影响,本文主要基于平台双边用户的策略行为,研究网约车平台的定价策略。
本文的研究主要包括以下三个方面:
首先,针对共享出行市场供需不匹配的情况,考虑乘客取消订单对网约车平台订单
成交量的影响,建立乘客选择模型,在此基础上分别构建市场供过于求和供不应求时的
平台利润模型,求解两种情形下的最优定价,分析平台利润随服务价格的变化趋势。
其次,针对打车市场上的网约车和巡游出租车的竞争情形,考虑乘客偏好和等待成
本的异质性,分别求解分散决策和集中决策下网约车平台和巡游出租车的最优定价策略,
并比较了两种决策方式下的各方参与者利益和社会福利,研究表明两种服务之间的竞争
会增加乘客剩余,分散决策对乘客更有利,但集中决策下,平台利润和社会福利都高于
分散决策,总体而言集中决策优于分散决策。
最后,针对现实生活中存在的网约车低需求区域乘客打不到车的问题,考虑网约车
司机的策略行为,对平台和司机的行为进行演化博弈分析,为不同需求状态下网约车平
台的扩半径订单制定合理的补贴策略,从空间维度对网约车平台进行区域差异化定价,
并分析平台补贴力度对各方参与者效用的影响。结果表明平台应根据需求量的变化制定
补贴策略,当热区需求量较低时,平台无需为扩半径订单提供补贴,而当热区需求量较
高时,平台需提供补贴。
关键词:网约车平台,定价策略,区域定价,用户偏好
中北大学学位论文
Research on the pricing of online car-hailing platform based
on two-sided users' strategic behavior
Abstract
In recent years, the rise of online car-hailing services has brought new changes to the
transport market. The online car-hailing platform connects the demand side and the supply side
of the transport market. Passengers and drivers are users at both sides of the platform, and their
strategic behaviors influence the operation of the platform. This paper mainly studies the pricing
strategy of the car-hailing platform based on the strategic behavior of users on both sides of the
platform.
The research in this paper mainly includes the following three aspects:
First, in view of the mismatch between supply and demand in the shared transport market,
considering the impact of passenger cancellations on the order volume of online car-hailing
platforms, a passenger selection model is established. Build the platform profit model when the
market is oversupplied and in short supply, solve the optimal pricing in the two situations and
analyze the changing trend of the platform profit with service price.
Secondly, in view of the competition between online car-hailing and cruise taxi in the
market, considering the heterogeneity of passenger preferences and waiting costs, the optimal
pricing strategies of online car-hailing platforms and cruise taxis under decentralized and
centralized decision-making are solved. And compare the interests of all participants and social
welfare under the two decision-making methods. The research shows that the competition
between the two services will increase the passenger surplus, and decentralized decision-
making is more beneficial to passengers. But under centralized decision-making, both platform
profit and social welfare are higher than decentralized decision-making. In general, centralized
decision-making is better than decentralized decision-making.
Finally, in view of the problem that passengers in areas with low demand for online car-
。。。以下略