在全球经济发展演变的过程中，纺织服装产业是最早进入全球分工的产业之一。 随着国际分工的深入,纺织和服装行业的产品开发、设计和销售等技术密集型和高附 加值环节主要掌握在发达国家手中,如欧洲、美国和日本,并且有高度的劳动密集型和 低附加值加工环节转移到人力资本低,缓解了发展中国家。中国是世界上最大的纺织 品和服装生产国和出口国，在全球价值链中占有重要地位，但仍处于全球价值链的低 端。随着我国经济水平的不断提高，人口红利逐渐消失，行业竞争优势大大减弱。2019 年，由于中美贸易战、出口市场需求增长缓慢、全球竞争激烈等，中国纺织服装出口 面临更大压力。 本文以 G 服装外贸公司为研究对象，重点研究 G 公司价值链及其延伸问题。本文 在国内外文献综述的基础上，采用波特五力模型分析了公司所处的行业环境；通过访 谈和问卷调查的数据分析，从四个维度归纳了公司存在的问题；运用全球价值链理论 和精益生产理论，分析了公司存在的问题及其原因；根据相关理论，针对存在的问题， 提出了公司价值链从中游向上游延伸的策略。 关键词: 纺织服装产业；价值链地位；中游向上游延伸III Abstract In the process of global economic development and evolution, textile and clothing industry is one of the earliest industries to enter the global division of labor. With the deepening of international division of labor, the technology intensive and high value-added links of textile and clothing industry such as product development, design and sales are mainly in the hands of developed countries, such as Europe, the United States and Japan. China is the world's largest producer and exporter of textiles and clothing. It occupies an important position in the global value chain, but it is still at the low end of the global value chain. With the continuous improvement of China's economic level, the demographic dividend gradually disappears, and the competitive advantage of the industry is weakened. In 2019, due to the Sino US trade war, slow growth of export market demand and fierce global competition, China's textile and garment exports will face the pressure. This paper takes G clothing foreign trade company as the research object, focusing on the value chain and its extension. On the basis of literature review at home and abroad, porter's five Forces model is used to analyze the industry environment of the company. Through the data analysis of interviews and questionnaires, this paper summarizes the existing problems of the company from four dimensions and analyzes the existing problems and their causes by using the global value chain theory and lean production theory. Finally, according to the relevant theories, aiming at the existing problems put forward the company value chain from the middle to the upstream extension strategy. Keywords: Textile and garment industry; Value chain status; The middle reaches upstream目录 致谢........................................................................................................................................ I 摘要.......................................................................................................................................II Abstract................................................................................................................................III 第 1 章 绪论..........................................................................................................................1 1.1 选题背景与研究意义.................................................................................................1 1.1.1 选题背景.............................................................................................................. 1 1.1.2 研究意义.............................................................................................................. 2 1.2 国内外研究现状.......................................................................................................2 1.2.1 国外研究现状...................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 国内研究现状.................................................................................................... 3 1.2.3 国内外研究现状评述........................................................................................ 5 1.3 理论基础.....................................................................................................................6 1.3.1 价值链理论........................................................................................................... 6 1.3.2 精益生产理论....................................................................................................... 8 1.4 研究内容与研究技术路线.......................................................................................10 1.4.1 研究内容............................................................................................................. 10 1.4.2 研究技术路线..................................................................................................... 11 1.5 研究方法与创新点...................................................................................................11 1.5.1 研究方法............................................................................................................. 11 1.5.2 本文创新点......................................................................................................... 12 第 2 章 G 公司的现状与环境分析....................................................................................14 2.1 G 公司的现状分析....................................................................................................14 2.1.1 企业概况............................................................................................................. 14 2.1.2 公司组织架构..................................................................................................... 14 2.1.3 公司经营情况.................................................................................................... 152.1.4 公司业务流程.................................................................................................... 15 2.2 G 公司的行业环境分析............................................................................................18 2.2.1 现有竞争对手分析............................................................................................ 18 2.2.2 进入威胁分析.................................................................................................... 19 2.2.3 替代品分析........................................................................................................ 19 2.2.4 原材料供应商分析............................................................................................ 20 2.2.5 采购商的议价能力分析.................................................................................... 20 第 3 章 G 公司价值链问题的综合分析............................................................................21 3.1 公司访谈设计与分析...............................................................................................21 3.1.1 访谈内容与过程................................................................................................. 21 3.1.2 访谈成果分析..................................................................................................... 21 3.2 公司问卷调查设计与分析.......................................................................................23 3.2.1 问卷调查设计..................................................................................................... 23 3.2.2 问卷调查分析..................................................................................................... 24 3.3 G 公司存在的问题分析............................................................................................28 3.3.1 产品同质化严重，缺乏市场竞争力................................................................ 28 3.3.2 上游资源控制能力不足..................................................................................... 28 3.3.3 生产自动化水平低............................................................................................. 30 3.3.4 依赖 OEM 业务生存，风险性大......................................................................30 3.4 原因分析...................................................................................................................32 3.4.1 下游开发和设计能力不足................................................................................ 32 3.4.2 价值链分工决定附加价值的较低..................................................................... 33 3.4.3 生产制造管理水平较低.................................................................................... 33 3.4.4 购买者驱动型导致的被动地位......................................................................... 34 第 4 章 G 公司向价值链上游延伸的路径选择和策略....................................................35 4.1 G 公司向价值链上游延伸的路径选择和目标........................................................354.1.1 路径.................................................................................................................... 35 4.1.2 目标.................................................................................................................... 36 4.2 G 公司向价值链上游延伸的策略............................................................................38 4.2.1 提升产品的创新研发能力................................................................................ 38 4.2.2 提升原材料供应能力........................................................................................ 40 4.2.3 加强自动化生产能力........................................................................................ 42 4.2.4 双重业务模式交叉运作.................................................................................... 43 4.3 优化后的预期效果...................................................................................................45 4.3.1 对比分析............................................................................................................ 45 4.3.2 预期效果分析.................................................................................................... 46 第 5 章 G 公司向价值链上游延伸的实施计划与保障措施............................................48 5.1 实施计划...................................................................................................................48 5.1.1 实施目标与原则................................................................................................ 48 5.1.2 实施程序与方法................................................................................................ 49 5.2 保障措施...................................................................................................................50 5.2.1 调整企业组织形态............................................................................................ 50 5.2.2 建立人才开发和培养计划................................................................................ 50 5.2.3 资金支持............................................................................................................ 51 5.2.4 提供技术支持..................................................................................................... 51 第 6 章 研究结论与展望....................................................................................................53 6.1 研究结论...................................................................................................................53 6.2 研究展望...................................................................................................................54