为更好的推进利率市场化发展，2013年7月，中国人民银行开放金融机构贷款利率管制。 这一举措的提出，能够对利率市场化发展起到较大的推进效果。2016年，国家颁布了《关于金 融助推脱贫攻坚的实施意见》。其内容强调，国内各大金融机构在发展的过程中，必须要充分 发挥自身在主体、创新等方面的作用，进而对金融服务体制进行优化，使其能够较好的应用于 经济发展较为薄弱的贫困地区，推进这些地区内部普惠金融建设。对于中国农业银行而言，属 于国有银行，在发展的进程中一定要在“三农”方面树立起良好榜样，对农户贷款提供较大支 持，进而为贫困地区经济发展做出相应贡献。 伴随利率市场化发展，近年来农民在贷款方面所对应的数额也在逐步提升，与此同时，加 上农户贷款自身特点限制，原有的单纯在基准利率基础上简单上下浮动的农户贷款定价方法已 经开始制约该项业务的快速高效发展。本文从贷款定价的一般理论入手，对比分析常用贷款定 价方法，将中国农业银行X支行的农户贷款定价作为研究对象，结合农户贷款特性，提出以合 理确定基准利率，充分考虑银行的经营目标、风险成本、客户贡献等因素，进而构建出能够较 好的面向市场、分级管理、批量运作、普惠金融的农户贷款定价方法。首先，结合农业银行X 支行农户贷款的实际情况，指出X支行农户贷款定价的基本思路、基本原则、基本流程以及农 户贷款定价的具体方法，并对这一定价方法进行评价，指出其优点与缺点，在此基础上，从农 户贷款定价的主要思路、农户贷款定价要素分析等方面展开，改进农业银行X支行农户贷款利 率的定价方法；其次，利用具体案例，对农户贷款利率的定价方法进行案例分析，基于对具体 案例情况的了解与分析，指出农户贷款定价要素对定价方法在成本、效益、客户等方面的影响， 并确定定价方法的应用，进而总结对比分析；最后，从农户贷款定价方法产生的积极效果以及 局限性两方面对该方法进行评价，并提出推广农户贷款定价方法的建议，主要包括增强贷款定 价的意识、加强农户贷款定价监测、完善定价方法、重视信息系统开发并提高员工素质以及坚 持让利于民政策。 关键词：农户，贷款，定价模式 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 iii ABSTRACT In order to better promote the development of market-oriented interest rates, in July 2013, the People's Bank of China liberalized the regulation of loan interest rates for financial institutions. The introduction of this measure can greatly promote the development of interest rate liberalization. In 2016, the State promulgated "Implementation Opinions on Financial Aid to Poverty Alleviation." Its content emphasizes that in the process of development, major domestic financial institutions must give full play to their role in the subject and innovation, and then optimize the financial service system so that it can be better applied to weak economic development. In poverty-stricken areas, promote inclusive financial construction in these areas. For the Agricultural Bank of China, it is a state-owned bank. In the process of development, it must set a good example in terms of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", provide greater support to farmers' loans, and make corresponding contributions to economic development in poor areas. With the development of interest rate liberalization, the corresponding amount of farmers' loans has gradually increased in recent years. At the same time, coupled with the restrictions on the characteristics of farmers' loans, the original pricing method for farmers' loans that simply moved up and down based on the basic interest rate Has begun to restrict the rapid and efficient development of this business. This article starts with the general theory of loan pricing, compares and analyzes common loan pricing models, and takes the farmer loan pricing of Agricultural Bank of China X Sub-branch as the research object. Based on the characteristics of farmer loans, it proposes to use LPR as the benchmark interest rate, taking full account of the bank's business objectives and market Competition and other factors, and then build a better market-oriented, hierarchical management, batch operation, inclusive finance, farmer loan pricing methods. First of all, based on the actual situation of farmer bank loans in the X branch of Agricultural Bank, the basic ideas, basic principles, basic processes of farmer loan pricing in X branch and specific methods of farmer loan pricing are pointed out. The pricing method is evaluated, and its advantages and disadvantages are pointed out. Based on this, from the strategic background of the enterprise, the development trend of farmer loans and the impact on pricing, the main ideas of farmer loan pricing, the analysis of pricing factors for farmer loans, the application of LPR in the pricing of farmer loans in X branch, and the determination of pricing methods Six aspects were developed to improve the pricing method of farmer loan interest rate of Agricultural Bank X Sub-branch. Secondly, using specific cases, a case study was conducted 农业银行X支行农户贷款定价研究 iv on the pricing method of farmer loan interest rates. Based on the understanding and analysis of specific case conditions, the authors pointed out that The impact of pricing methods on corporate strategy, cost factors, customer contribution, risk compensation or reimbursement, market competition, etc., and determine the application of pricing methods, and then summarize the comparative analysis; finally, from the positive effects of farmer loan pricing methods As well as the limitations The method is evaluated and suggestions for promoting the pricing method of farmer loans are mainly included to enhance the awareness of loan pricing, strengthen the monitoring of farmer loan pricing, improve the pricing method, attach importance to the development of information systems and improve the quality of employees, and adhere to the policy of benefiting the people. Keywords: farmers, loans, pricing models. 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 v 目录 第一章 绪论 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景 ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 研究意义 ................................................................................................................................. 2 1.2 国内外研究现状...................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 国外理论研究 ............................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 国内理论研究 ............................................................................................................... 5 1.2.3 文献述评....................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 论文的研究方法与研究框架 .................................................................................................. 8 1.3.1 研究方法....................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.2 研究内容....................................................................................................................... 8 第二章 贷款定价理论概述............................................................................................................... 11 2.1 贷款定价的主要理论 ............................................................................................................ 11 2.2 主要贷款定价模式及方法 .................................................................................................... 13 2.2.1 成本加成模式 ............................................................................................................. 13 2.2.2 价格领导模式 ............................................................................................................. 13 2.2.3 客户盈利分析模式 ..................................................................................................... 14 2.3 贷款定价的模式简要评价 .................................................................................................... 14 第三章 农业银行X支行农户贷款定价现状及评价