跨区位企业横跨多个地理区位，促进了区位间知识、信息和人才的流动，保 障地区就业和经济发展，是社会经济的重要组成部分。对于跨区位企业，其成长 和发展一般反映为在地理空间的扩张，而区位选择正是其成长过程中的关键活动。 然而，企业在区位扩张过程中普遍存在区位“盲目”选择的问题。 组织成长中的区位选择研究一直是战略管理、国际商务、经济地理等多个学 科领域学者关注的重要问题。现有文献主要从区位的外部环境和企业在某一区位 的前期经验等方面对企业区位选择的驱动因素进行研究。有学者指出，多区位单 元间形成的网络和系统特征是跨区位企业的重要属性，然而现有研究主要采用一 种“单点型”视角看待跨区位企业，视企业区位选择为间断、独立的单一决策，忽视 了企业区位选择间关联性对后续区位决策的重要影响，并提出基于微观基础研究 企业区位扩张正变得愈发重要。行为战略作为管理学研究中极具潜力的微观基础， 其中的战略势正好关注组织活动间的联动以及与系统的互动关系，受到国内外学 者的广泛关注。但有学者指出，现有战略势研究存在对事件过度简化的问题，忽 视了活动本身特质，这要求对战略势的作用过程进行更深入的梳理和检验。本文 以我国在沪深和香港证券交易所上市的房地产企业为研究对象，基于战略势视角 探究“企业历史区位选择如何影响其成长路径”的问题，以期在一定程度上弥补现 有区位选择研究和战略势研究的不足。 具体来讲，子研究一（第四章）重点考察企业区位选择的空间结构如何影响 其接下来的区位决策，就企业上一期的区位决策经验分为区位经验和空间经验， 通过实证研究检验了重复势和位置势作用，并借助管理因素和制度因素的调节作 用验证了位置势的两个理论机理。子研究二（第五章）重点考察企业前期区位选 择的经验累积如何影响其接下来的区位决策，基于区域内或跨区域扩张，就企业 区位选择分为利用和探索导向两种类型，通过实证研究检验了同类型内和跨类型 间区位选择活动的势效应，验证了活动间互补性作为情境势的重要机理。本文主 要得出以下研究结论： 第一，区位单元间关系是影响企业区位决策的重要因素，企业倾向于选择与 既有区位市场空间结构整体更邻近的区位。企业区位选择事件并非一次独立的单 一决策，而代表了企业区位单元空间结构的演进。 第二，既有惯例和可供性是促使企业选择与既有区位市场空间结构整体更邻 上海交通大学博士学位论文 II 近区位的重要机理。企业经历总经理更替或目标区位市场更高的制度质量会弱化 企业既有区位市场空间结构的影响。 第三，企业区位选择经验以利用和探索的形式内嵌于企业状态的动态调整中。 随着历史区位选择经验的累积，前期利用和探索导向区位选择会抑制企业进行同 类型区位选择的倾向，而促使企业实施跨类型区位决策。 第四，互补性是促使企业实施不同类型区位选择以实现利用和探索动态平衡 的重要机理。组织冗余会强化前期利用和探索导向区位选择经验对后续探索导向 区位决策的影响。 本文的主要创新点在于： 第一，本文基于跨区位企业的网络和系统属性，将战略势视角引入企业区位 选择研究领域，为全面理解企业成长中区位选择动机提供了新的视角。 第二，本文在以往战略势研究所关注的行为事件在时间上关联性的基础上， 进一步研究这些事件在空间上形成的结构关联性，进而澄清了前期战略势研究中 关于“强化”与“弱化”势效应的理论争论。 第三，本文采用过程视角，揭示了资源协同关系在企业平衡内部的持续利用 和探索活动中的重要性，深化了对组织内生性成长的理论认识。 第四，本文在企业区位选择情境中验证了前期文献所揭示的利用和探索活动 跨时期的相互促进关系，丰富了对组织活动利用和探索动态平衡性的理解。 关键词：区位选择，战略势，组织成长过程，房地产企业 上海交通大学博士学位论文 III ABSTRACT Multi-location firms promote the flow of knowledge, information, and communications between locations, contribute to the regional employment and economic development, and thus are regarded as an important part in society and economy. For multi-location firms, their growth and development are generally reflected in the expansion of geographical space, during which location choices are key activities. However, it is common that firms choose improper location choices in the process of spatial expansion of multi-location firms. Location choice in organizational growth process has been the focus of scholars in multiple disciplines, such as strategic management, international business, and economic geography. The existing literature mainly studies the driving factors of firms’ location choices from the aspects of external environment of locations and previous location experiences of firms. Some scholars have pointed out that the network feature between location units are important attributes of multi-location firms. However, the existing literature mainly uses a ‘single-point’ perspective towards multi-location firms, and considers location choices of firms as discontinuous and independent activities. This perspective ignores the important influence of the relationships between firms’ previous location decisions on subsequent location choice, and some scholars have suggested the growing importance of firm evolution research based on microfoundations. Strategic momentum research in strategy and organizational field pays attention to the interdependence between organizational activities and their interactions within the system, and has attracted widespread interests from scholars at home and abroad. However, some scholars have pointed out that the existing strategic momentum research has the problem of oversimplifying activities and neglects the various characteristics of the activities per se, which requires further exploration and test of the mechanisms of strategic momentum. From strategic momentum perspective, this dissertation takes Chinese real estate companies listed on the Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong Stock Exchanges as the sample, and tries to answer the research question of ‘how the previous 上海交通大学博士学位论文 IV location choices of a firm affect its growth trajectory’ in order to contribute to existing location choice and strategic momentum research. Specifically, Study 1 (Chapter 4) focuses on how the spatial structure of a firm’s previous location decisions affects its subsequent location choice. A firm’s previous location experiences are divided into the locational experience and the spatial experience, and the effects of repetitive momentum and positional momentum as well as two mechanisms of positional momentum are verified by empirical research. Study 2 (Chapter 5) focuses on how the accumulated experiences of a firm’s previous location decisions affect its subsequent location choice. Based on the expansions within or across regions, firms’ location decisions are divided into two types: exploitation- and exploration-oriented location choices. The momentum effects within and between types are empirically examined, and the complementarity among firm activities is verified as an important mechanism of contextual momentum above. This dissertation mainly draws the following research conclusions: First, the relationships between location units are important factors influencing location choices of firms. And firms tend to choose the location that is overall closer to the existing location markets. Location choices of firms are not independent decisions, but represent the evolution of the spatial structure of the firms’ location units. Second, established routines and affordance are important mechanisms that prompt firms to choose locations overall closer to the existing location markets. Firms’ experiencing CEO turnover in the previous year and locations’ higher institutional quality will weaken the above effects from spatial structure of firms’ location choices. Third, firms’ location experiences are reflected in the dynamic adjustment of firms’ state through the process of exploitation and exploration. Prior location experiences will weaken the propensity of location choices of the same type, and strengthen the propensity of location choices of the other type in the next period. Fourth, complementarity is an important mechanism that prompts firms to implement different types of location choices to achieve dynamic balance between exploitation and exploration. And organizational slack will strengthen the effects of prior location experiences on subsequent exploration-oriented location choices. 上海交通大学博士学位论文 V This dissertation makes four main contributions to the literature: First, based on the network and system features of multi-location firms, this dissertation introduces the strategi