I 摘要 随着科技的进步，创新型、综合性人才日益被认为是我国社会主义事业发展的“源 头活水”，被看作是我国一切改革创新事业的不竭资源。国务院总理李克强在2014年 夏季的达沃斯论坛上明确提出“大众创业、万众创新”的口号，创新创业早已被提至国 家战略层面。从实际情况看，自高校扩招以来，我国每年的毕业生人数的增长率维持在 2%～3.1%，截至2018年，我国高校毕业生人数已首次突破800万，达到820万。庞大 的毕业生群体涌入市场，为社会注入了新鲜血液。但大学生就业难和企业用人荒之间的 矛盾却日渐突出。为此，政府和学校纷纷出台相应的扶持政策，以鼓励大学生创业，维 护创新创业战略的中流砥柱作用。在政策的刺激下，大学生的创业激情普遍高涨，然而， 实际收效却甚微。在此背景下，本文认为，通过调研当前学校创业教育现状，找出问题， 分析问题，然后从学生、学校和政府三个层面研究分析提升大学生创业能力的对策具有 极其重要的作用。 本文主要采用文献综述、访谈和问卷调查相结合的方法，对研究的问题进行了调研 分析。首先，通过查阅国内外关于创业的相关文献，了解创业理论和国内外大学生创新 创业教育现状；其次，通过访谈，整理并记录相关信息，建构大学生创业能力相关问卷。 在调查问卷的基础上准确掌握大学生创业能力的现状，通过spss18.0软件对构成大学 生创业能力的问卷进行信度和效度分析，统计分析。最后，综合上述研究结果，有针对 性的提出提高大学生创业能力的相关对策，以提升大学生创业的成功率。本文分别从提 升大学生自身能力，完善高校创新创业教育培养体系及提高创新创业教育质量和政府服 务支持三个方面提出相应的对策，期望为地区和国家培养创新型人才，实现创业带动就 业，建设创新型国家提供有力的保障。 通过本案例研究，本文得出的结论是，对提升A高校学生创业能力培养方式需进一 步优化，首先是学校层面需要加强师资队伍建设以及完善创业教育体系；其次是政府层 面加大大学生创业教育扶持力度；最后是学生自身还需重视，积极主动提升自我综合能 力。 关键词：大学生，创业，创业能力 ABSTRACT III ABSTRACT Withtheadvancementofscienceandtechnology,innovativeandcomprehensivetalentsare increasinglyregardedasthe"sourcewater"forthedevelopmentofChina'ssocialistcause, andareregardedasaninexhaustibleresourceforallreformandinnovationundertakingsin China.AttheDavosForuminthesummerof2014,PremierLiKeqiangclearlyput forwardthesloganof"massentrepreneurshipandinnovation".Innovationand entrepreneurshiphavelongbeenbroughttothenationalstrategiclevel.Fromtheactual situation,sincetheexpansionofcollegesanduniversities,theannualgrowthrateofthe numberofgraduatesinChinahasbeenstableat2%to3.1%.Asof2018,thenumberof collegegraduatesinChinahasexceeded8millionforthefirsttime,reaching8.2million.A largegroupofgraduatesfloodedintothemarketandinjectedfreshbloodintothesociety. However,thecontradictionbetweenemploymentdifficultiesofcollegestudentsandthe shortageofemploymentofenterpriseshavebecomeincreasinglyprominent.Tothisend, thegovernmentandschoolshaveissuedcorrespondingsupportivepoliciestoencourage collegestudentstostartbusinessesandmaintaintheirmainstayroleindrivinginnovation andentrepreneurshipstrategies.Stimulatedbypolicies,collegestudents'entrepreneurial enthusiasmisgenerallyhigh,buttheactualresultsbringlittleeffect.Inthiscontext,this articlebelievesthatbyinvestigatingthecurrentstateofentrepreneurshipeducationin schools,identifyingproblems,analyzingproblems,andthenstudyingandanalyzingthe measurestoimprovetheentrepreneurialabilityofcollegestudentsfromthethreelevelsof students,schools,andgovernmentshaveanextremelyimportantrole. Thisarticlemainlyusesacombinationofliteraturereview,interviewsandquestionnaires toinvestigateandanalyzetheresearchissues.Firstly,learnaboutentrepreneurshiptheory andthestatusofinnovationandentrepreneurshipeducationforuniversitystudentsathome andabroadbyconsultingrelevantdomesticandforeignliteratureonentrepreneurship. Secondly,sortoutandrecordrelevantinformationtoconstructaquestionnairefor entrepreneurshipofcollegestudentsthroughinterviews.Onthebasisofthequestionnaire, accuratelygraspthecurrentsituationofcollegestudents’entrepreneurialability,anduse spss18.0softwaretoconductreliabilityandvalidityanalysisandstatisticalanalysisofthe questionnairethatconstitutescollegestudents'entrepreneurialability.Finally,by integratingtheaboveresearchresults,weproposespecificcountermeasurestoimprovethe 重庆理工大学硕士学位论文 IV entrepreneurialabilityofcollegestudentsandimprovethesuccessrateofentrepreneurship. Thisarticleputsforwardcorrespondingcountermeasuresfromthreeaspects:improving collegestudents'ownability,improvingtheinnovationandentrepreneurshipeducation trainingsysteminuniversities,improvingthequalityofinnovationandentrepreneurship education,andgovernmentservicesupport.Itisexpectedtocultivateinnovativetalentsfor regionsandcountries,realizeentrepreneurshipandpromoteemploymenttoprovidea strongguaranteeforbuildinganinnovativecountry. Throughthiscasestudy,theconclusionofthisarticleisthatthewaytoimprovethe entrepreneurialabilityofstudentsinAcollegesanduniversitiesneedstobefurther optimized.Firstofall,strengthentheconstructionofteachersandimprovethe entrepreneurialeducationsystemattheschoollevel.Secondly,increasesupportfor entrepreneurshipeducationforcollegestudentsatthegovernmentlevel.Finally,students themselvesneedtopayattentiontoitandactivelyimprovetheircomprehensiveability. Keywords:Collegestudents,Entrepreneurship,Entrepreneurialability 目录 V 目录 摘要.....................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT........................................................................................................III 1绪论..............................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景...............................................................................................................1 1.2研究意义...............................................................................................................2 1.3研究内容与方法...................................................................................................2 1.3.1研究内容........................................................................................................................2 1.3.2研究方法........................................................................................................................3 1.4研究技术路线.......................................................................................................3 2文献综述......................................................................................................5 2.1概念界定...............................................................................................................5 2.1.1大学生创业....................................................................................................................5 2.1.2创业能力........................................................................................................................5 2.2创业理论研究.......................................................................................................5 2.3大学生创业能力培养国内外现状.......................................................................7 2.3.1大学生创业能力培养国外研究现状...........................................................................7 2.3.2大学生创业能力培养国内研究现状...........................................................................9 3A高校大学生创业能力培养现状分析....................................................11 3.1A高校基本情况..................................................................................................11 3.2A高校创业能力培养制度..................................................................................11 3.2.1A高校创业人才培养计划现状..................................................................................11 3.2.2A高校创新创业教育课程体系现状..........................................................................12 3.2.3A高校创业教学、考核及其管理方式现状..............................................................12 3.2.4A高校创新创业教育实践现状..................................................................................12 3.2.5A高校教师创新创业能