当今的国内合资汽车制造企业普遍受到销售盈利下降的影响，面临着巨大的 成本优化挑战，需要通过多种举措提高盈利水平。其中维修备件库存因为库存资 金占用率大，周转率低等问题越来越受到管理者的重视。由于管理基础差并且缺 乏专业理论支持，维修备件库存优化尤其是订货模式的优化方面不能跟上企业整 体成本优化脚步。维修备件受生产车间设备运行节拍、设备维护情况、备件使用 环境、突发故障频次等众多因素的影响，管理难度相对较大。在D公司当前的维 修备件订货模式中，对于订购的时机、数量、高低储备等关键因素的管理更多依 赖于设备维修者的经验，没有一套系统的理论模型供备件管理使用，这导致维修 备件库存金额逐年上升、大量备件不能及时消耗造成库存积压。 本文以D公司的维修备件订货模式为优化对象，参考国内外对于库存分析、 备件需求预测以及订货策略等领域的理论知识和研究成果，结合D公司某生产 事业部发动机和变速箱车间的维修备件库存数据，运用SAP管理软件中的库存管 理模块，通过SAP B1库龄分析法对库存金额、库存结构及主要库存指标进行分 析，归纳出库龄三年以上备件占比高、新增备件周转率低以及备件重复订货等主 要问题。针对这些问题，通过改进的ABC分类法、连续型备件需求预测法以及 设置安全库存的经济批量模型等方法，首先对备件库存进行科学分类，识别出关 键备件类型；随后对关键备件需求进行预测，得出全年需求理论值；最后搭建关 键备件订货模型并对订货流程进行修订，同时对优化结果进行对比和分析，实现 订货费用和库存总金额降低10%的预定优化目标。 关键词：维修备件，库龄分析，需求预测，库存控制模型 II ABSTRACT Nowadays, joint-venture automobile manufacturing enterprises in China are generally affected by the decline of sales profit.They are faced with huge cost optimization challenges, so they need to improve the profit level through a variety of measures. Among them all, the maintenance spare parts inventory has been paid more and more attention by the managers because of the large occupancy rate of inventory funds and low turnover rate. Due to the poor management foundation and the lack of professional theoretical support, the optimization of maintenance spare parts inventory, especially the optimization of ordering mode, can not keep up with the pace of the overall cost optimization of the enterprise. The maintenance spare parts are affected by many factors such as the running time of the equipment in workshop, the maintenance situation of the equipment, the environment of the spare parts in production, the frequency of the sudden device fault, etc. In the current ordering mode of maintenance spare parts of company D, the management of key factors such as ordering time, quantity, high and low reserves depends more on the experience of equipment maintainers, although there is no systematic theoretical model for spare parts management, which leads to the increase of maintenance spare parts inventory amount, and a large number of spare parts can not be consumed in time, resulting in overstock. In this paper, taking the order mode of maintenance spare parts of D company as the optimization object, referring to the research results and theoretical knowledge in the fields of inventory analysis, spare parts demand prediction and order strategy at home and abroad, combining the inventory data of engine and gearbox workshop, using the inventory management module of SAP software. Based on the analysis of inventory amount, inventory structure and main inventory indexes, this paper sums up the main problems such as high proportion of spare parts with more than three years of ex III warehouse age, low turnover rate of new spare parts and repeated ordering of spare parts. In view of the main problems, through the improved ABC classification method, the continuous spare parts demand prediction method and the economic batch model of setting up safety stock, the first step is to scientifically classify the spare parts inventory and identify the key spare parts types; then the key spare parts demand is predicted to obtain the theoretical value of the annual demand; finally, the key spare parts ordering model is built and the ordering process is revised. By comparing and analyzing the optimization results, the goal of reducing order cost and total inventory by 10% is achieved.