当今制造业大多采用生产线模式的生产方式，此在生产模式下，如何提高生 产线的平衡率，使整体生产效率和产能提高，同时降低生产节拍，精简工作人员 和机器设备，减少工序之间的在制品，这越来越受到众多制造型企业的重视，也 是众多制造企业急需解决的问题。 本文首先阐述了生产线平衡的概念、背景以及国内外研究现状。根据生产线 平衡相关理论，阐述了生产线平衡的评价指标，以及影响生产线平衡的主要要素， 和工业工程理论的相关概念，旨在提高J公司M产品的生产线平衡率。 其次，针对影响生产线平衡问题的三大因素：工序设备的生产能力、操作者 的技术水平、工序的作业内容，这三个方面进行现场调查分析，收集相关数据， 再通过工业工程的方法：秒表时间研究、人机操作分析法、动作分析法，确定J 公司M产品的生产工艺、生产流程以及生产线工位的分布情况。通过作业测定 的方法科学地计算出每道工序的标准时间，使用生产线平衡的评价指标来反映M 生产线实际运行效率，分析出M生产线平衡的存在的问题。 接着，依据数据分析诊断出的问题，我们有针对性地提出合理化改善意见。 如针对产能达不到客户需求的问题，用操作分析法来重点分析瓶颈工位，合理地 降低瓶颈工位的标准工时；针对人机分配不合理的问题，重新分配人机工作，减 少工作人员的等待时间，以及提高设备的使用效率；针对各工位装配时间不均衡， 不同工位的员工之间相互抱怨的现象，通过程序分析法的四大原则：删减 (Eliminate)、合并(Combine)、重组(Rearrange)、简化(Simplify)，对生产流程进行 优化，重新分配各工位的作业内容，使各工位之间的作业时间差异减小。对于涉 及其他的相关问题，再根据实际相关状况，也都一一提出了改善方案，并取得了 良好的成效。生产线平衡率有所提高，从69.8%到88.2%。UPH 从40 提升到 56。生产线平衡延迟的评价指标也从“差”提高到“良”。综合评价指标也有所上升， 同时也满足客户的需求。 最后，把生产线平衡率作为M产品每个季度的可持续改善指标，旨在把生 产线平衡延迟的评价指标进一步从“良”提高到“优”，使M生产线平衡持续优化。 本文提供了一条生产线平衡率提升的普适性方案，总结了生产线平衡改善项目中 对工业工程相关理论以及相关工具的应用方法，为J公司其他产品的生产线平衡 改善提供了良好的范本。并且，通过本文的总结，使得J公司M生产线员工对 生产线平衡率这个指标理解得更深刻，不仅有效提高了公司的生产效率，也引发 了其他产品的生产线对生产线平衡率的思考与展望。 上海大学硕士学位论文 J公司M产品生产线平衡问题分析及改进 VI 关键词： 工业工程，生产流程，生产线平衡率，人机分析 上海大学硕士学位论文 J公司M产品生产线平衡问题分析及改进 VII Abstract Nowadays the manufacturing industry mostly adopts the production line mode. Under the production line mode, how to improve the balance rate of the production line, improve the overall production efficiency and productivity, at the same time, reduce the production rhythm, simplify the staff and machines, and reduce the work-in-process between the processes, this has been paid more and more attention by many manufacturing enterprises, which is also the urgent problem for many manufacturing enterprises. Firstly, this paper introduces the concept of production line balance, background and research status at home and abroad. According to the theory of production line balance, this paper expounds the evaluation index of production line balance and the main factors affecting production line balance, and the related concepts of industrial engineering theory, aiming at improving the production line balance rate for M products of J Company. Secondly, in view of the three factors affecting the balance of production line: the production capacity of process and equipment, the technical level of operators and the operation content of the process, the author of this paper investigated and analyzed these three aspects on –site, collected the relevant data. Through the methods of industrial engineering: stopwatch time research, operation analysis and man-machine analysis, determined the production method, production process and the distribution of production line stations for M products of J Company. Then through the method of operation measurement, scientifically calculated the standard time of each process. Use the evaluation index of production line balance to reflect the actual operation efficiency of M the production line, then analyzed the problems of M production line balance. Thirdly, based on the analysis of the data to diagnose the problem, we targeted to put forward reasonable improvement suggestions. For example, in view of the problem that the production capacity cannot meet the customer demand, the operation analysis method is used to analyze the bottleneck station and reduce the standard working hours of the bottleneck station reasonably. To solve the problem of unreasonable allocation of man-machine, the man-machine analysis was redistributed to reduce the waiting time for the operators and improve the efficiency of equipment. For assembly time for each station is not balanced, the different stations between employees complain about each other, through the application analysis of the four principles: Eliminate, Combine， Rearrange and Simplify, optimize the production process, to redistribute work content for each station, reduce operation time differences between each station. As for other related problems, also proposed improvement plans one by one 上海大学硕士学位论文 J公司M产品生产线平衡问题分析及改进 VIII according to the actual situation, and achieved good results. The production line balance rate improved from 69.8% to 88.2%. UPH increased from 40 to 56. The evaluation index of production line balance delay was also improved from "poor" to "good". Comprehensive evaluation indicators have also increased, while also meeting the needs of customers. Finally, took the balance rate of the production line as the sustainable improvement index of M product every quarter, aiming to further improve the evaluation index of the balance delay of the production line from "good" to "excellent", so as to continuously optimize the balance of M production line. This paper provides a universal scheme to improve the balance rate of production line, summarizes the application methods of relevant industrial engineering theories and related tools in the balance improvement project of production line, and provides a good model for the balance improvement of production line of J company's other products. In addition, through the summary of this paper, the M production line employees of J Company have a deeper understanding of the indicator of the production line balance rate, which not only effectively improves the production efficiency of the company, but also leads to the thinking and prospect of the production line balance rate of other products. Key Words: Industrial Engineering; Process Flow; Production Line Balance Rate; Man-Machine Analysis 上海大学硕士学位论文 J公司M产品生产线平衡问题分析及改进 IX 目录 摘要 ................................................................................................................................................... V Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... VII 目录 .................................................................................................................................................. IX 第一章 绪论 ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1研究的背景和意义 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.1研究背景 .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2研究意义 .......................................................................................................................... 2 1.2国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................................................... 3 1.3研究的思路及结构 ................................................................................................................. 4 第二章 理论综述 ..................................................