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I 摘要 随着我国教育事业的快速发展,各阶段学校规模都在持续增加,这样想要有效地进 行会计核算和会计管理就显得比较困难,教育系统会计集中核算就是在这一特定的背景 下产生的,是在教育部门财政资金支出管理的会计核算形式上,所探寻出的一种有利于 加强教育财政资金支出管理的改革方式。就目前实施的效果来看,称得上是一项行之有 效的探索与尝试。然而,教育系统会计集中核算在实际实施过程中,也逐渐暴露出各种 问题,无法有效地解决财政资金监管上各种问题,其优势无法得到充分体现。因此,有 必要对教育系统会计集中核算问题进行分析和研究,从而提出有效的完善对策。 基于此,本文在理顺国内外会计集中核算有关理论和相关概念的基础上,以普陀区 教育系统为例,基于问卷调查、案例分析、文献分析等方法深入调查了普陀区教育系统 会计集中核算的基本内容及运作流程,分析了普陀区教育系统会计集中核算取得的成效 及存在的问题。普陀区教育系统实施会计集中核算后的成效主要包括会计口径统一化、 收支核算规范化、城乡教育资源布局合理化、财政资金保障化。同时也发现了一些问题, 实施会计集中核算后,普陀区教育系统资金使用效率低下、教育成本难以核算的问题没 有得到实现预期的改善,而且导致了会计监督职能弱化、财务管理主体认识缺位等新的 问题,同时在集中核算实施过程中,具备较好的理论和实践技能的会计专业人员匮乏问 题也更加明显。经进一步分析,导致上述问题的主要原因是预算执行力度不足、会计集 中核算基础和模式本身存在不足、会计监督流于形式、财务管理认识存在偏差、缺乏会 计人员培养机制等。 因此,本文从普陀区教育系统会计集中核算的管理制度层面、核算基础层面、监督 机制层面、主体责任层面和队伍构建层面,针对性的提出了制定核算中心与学校内部财 务管理的衔接制度、实现日常经济业务核算型向管理型转变、加强会计集中核算工作的 监督力度、完善会计集中核算基础和模式、提升专业人员的业务素质水平等对策建议, 以期完善普陀区教育系统会计集中核算,提升普陀区教育系统会计集中核算效果,促进 教育财政资金的有效管理。 关键词:教育系统;会计集中核算;教育会计集中核算;核算系统 Abstract II Abstract Withtherapiddevelopmentofeducationinourcountry,thescaleofprimaryand secondaryschoolsinallstagesisincreasingcontinuously,soitismoredifficulttoeffectively carryoutaccountingandaccountingmanagement.Underthisspecificbackground,the centralizedaccountingsystemofeducationsystemisproduced.Itisakindofaccounting formexploredinthefinancialexpendituremanagementofeducationdepartment.Itis conducivetostrengtheningthereformmodeofeducationalfinancialexpendituremanagement. Asfarasthecurrentimplementationeffectisconcerned,itisaneffectiveexplorationand attempt.However,variousproblemsgraduallyhaveariseninitsactualimplementation process.Thecentralizedaccountingsystemofeducationsystemcannoteffectivelysolve variousproblemsinthesupervisionoffinancialfundsanditsadvantagescannotbefully reflected.Therefore,itisnecessarytoanalyzeandstudythecentralizedaccountingof educationsystem,soastoputforwardeffectivecountermeasures. Basedonthisandonthemethodsofquestionnairesurvey,literatureanalysisandcase analysis,thispapertakesPutuoEducationSystemforanexampleandintroducesthebasic contentofthecentralizedaccountingsystemofeducationsystemandtheoperationprocess andmodeoftheaccountingcenter,analyzesandstudiestheeffectivenessandloopholesof centralizedaccountinginPutuoeducationmechanism.Itanalyzestheeffectivenessofthe centralizedaccountingsystemofeducationsysteminunifyingaccountingstandards, standardizingrevenueandexpenditure,optimizingeducationalresources,andensuringthe availabilityoffundsbeforeandaftertheimplementationofthecentralizedaccountingsystem ofeducationsysteminPutuo.Atthesametime,aftercentralizedaccounting,theproblemsof lowfundingutilizationandthedifficultyofaccountingtheeducationcostinPutuo educationalsystemremainunsolved,Worsestill,itleadstothenewproblemsinweakening thefunctionofaccountingsupervision,misunderstandingfinancialmanagemententityand lackingnumbersofaccountingprofessionals.Regardingtheexistingproblems,afterbeing concludedandsummarized,thecausesoftheproblemsmainlylieininadequatebudget execution,inadequatecentralizedaccountingfoundationandmode,formalizingaccounting supervision,misreadingfinancialmanagementandtheshortageofaccountingtraining. Therefore,aspectsofthemanagementsystem,accountingbasis,supervisionmechanism, mainresponsibility,andteamconstruction,thepaperputsforwardsomepracticaleffective measuressuchasestablishingthelinkingsystemsoftheaccountingcenterandtheschool internalfinancialmanagement,strengtheningthesupervisionofcentralizedaccountingwork, reformingandimprovingthebasisandmodeofcentralizedaccounting,organizingmore trainings,andimprovingprofessionalabilities.Thispaperhopestomakeuseofthe implementationofthesesuggestions,tobettertheaccountingofeducationsysteminPutuo, Abstract III improveitsaccountingeffectandpromotetheeffectivemanagementofeducationfund. KeyWords:Educationsystem;Centralizedaccounting;Centralizedaccountingofeducation system;Accountingsystem 目录 IV 目录 第1章绪论........................................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景及意义...................................................................................................1 1.2国内外研究现状...................................................................................................2 1.2.1国外研究现状............................................................................................2 1.2.2国内研究现状............................................................................................3 1.2.3文献评述....................................................................................................7 1.3研究方法...............................................................................................................7 1.4研究思路和内容...................................................................................................8 第2章概念界定及相关理论............................................................................................9 2.1基本概念界定.......................................................................................................9 2.1.1会计集中核算............................................................................................9 2.1.2教育系统会计集中核算............................................................................9 2.2相关理论.............................................................................................................11 2.2.1受托责任观..............................................................................................11 2.2.2决策有用观..............................................................................................11 2.2.3内部控制理论..........................................................................................12 第3章普陀区教育系统会计集中核算概况..................................................................13 3.1教育系统会计集中核算中心简介.....................................................................13 3.2教育系统会计集中核算制度基本内容.............................................................13 3.3教育系统会计集中核算中心概况.....................................................................14 3.3.1工作流程..................................................................................................14 3.3.2职能安排..................................................................................................15 3.3.3人员配备..................................................................................................16 3.3.4核算范围..................................................................................................16 3.3.5岗位制度..................................................................................................17 第4章普陀区教育系统会计集中核算现状及问题分析..............................................18 4.1调查问卷设计及调查结果统计.........................................................................18 4.1.1调查问卷设计、发放和回收..................................................................18 4.1.2调查结果统计分析..................................................................................18 4.2教育系统会计集中核算成效分析..................