I 摘要 随着大数据、云计算以及互联网技术的飞速发展和全面普及，诸如电子商务、 电子零售、农村淘宝、外卖餐饮以及快递物流等新的商业模式及新企业经营形态 如雨后春笋般涌现，为解决我国最大的就业挑战问题和促进我国经济实现高质量 发展目标发挥着重要作用。基于新业态迅猛发展的态势下，农民工在劳动力市场 就业形式更加灵活多元化、雇佣关系由“工资受雇型”转向“自我雇佣型”，电 子批发零售、外卖餐饮、快递物流等新型服务业态也日益成为农民工就业创业的 新“风口”。然而，长期以来由于缺乏合意抵押品、贷款交易成本较高和征信信 息缺失等原因，导致农户创业面临着严峻的融资约束困境，对此政府出台了“两 权”抵押贷款试点政策，旨在为实现土地权利资本化和缓解融资约束问题提供可 能。但是，新业态下土地资本对农民工创业决策和业态选择内在影响究竟如何？ “两权”抵押贷款政策效应及异质性怎样？缓解农民工创业融资约束，进而促进 其创业的机制是什么？这些问题亟待进一步探究，同时也是研究重点和创新之处。 首先，阐述研究背景意义、并提出科学问题；其次，界定相关概念、综述理 论和文献、提出研究假设；然后，选取国家卫健委2017CMDS数据，基于新业 态发展态势下雇佣关系和就业形态的变化，统计描述农民工创业现状和土地资本 及其他等禀赋特征；之后，运用嵌套Logit回归分析新业态下土地资本禀赋对农 民工创业决策的内在影响，运用多项Logit回归分析新业态下土地资本禀赋对农 民工创业业态选择的内在影响；随后，运用准实验法构建反事实框架、探究“两 权”抵押贷款试点对农民工创业的政策效应及异质性，运用逐步回归和Sobel法 检验其中介效应机制；最后，基于研究结论提出优化策略。 通过实证研究，得出如下结论：（1）有无土地资本对农民工创业决策有正向 显著影响，在户籍地拥有承包地或宅基地的农民工更倾向于选择机会型创业；承 包地面积和宅基地面积对农民工创业决策分别呈负向显著影响和正向显著影响； 但是，土地收益对农民工创业决策影响不显著，农民工创业面临融资约束困境。 （2）有无土地资本对农民工创业业态选择有正向显著影响，有土地资本的农民 工更偏向于选择在新业态下电子批发零售业与外卖餐饮住宿业；承包地面积对农 民工创业业态选择有负向显著影响、但宅基地面积对农民工创业业态选择影响不 显著；承包地转租收益对农民工创业业态选择有正向显著影响、但承包地自耕收 益对农民工创业业态选择影响不显著，土地资本潜在价值有待挖掘。（3）“两权” 抵押贷款试点政策对农民工创业决策有正向显著的净效应，但是因地理区域和土 地规模不同呈现出异质性特征，承包地抵押贷款试点总体上比宅基地抵押贷款试 点推行效果更为明显。（4）农民工总收入在政策效应中起到了部分中介作用，“两 北京工业大学管理学硕士学位论文 II 权”抵押贷款试点政策通过提高农民工收入水平，缓解了融资约束、进而促进了 农民工创业。基于新业态的迅猛态势和“人多地少”的基本国情，今后可以考虑 助推三大产业融合、发展“生态农业”模式、完善农业保险制度、创新“虚拟土 地”制度和增加农村公共服务供给等措施，让农民工拥抱新业态，以实现农民工 创业增收和“两权”抵押贷款政策优化。 本研究丰富了创业理论研究框架，揭示了土地资本禀赋对农民工创业的内在 影响，拓宽了“两权”政策效应及检验的研究思路，为让农民工拥抱新业态提供 参考，为推动农村新业态发展提供借鉴，为盘活土地资本和缓解农民工创业融资 约束提出优化策略，因此具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。 关键词： 新业态；农民工创业；业态选择；土地资本；“两权”抵押贷款 Abstract III Abstract With the rapid development and comprehensive popularization of big data, cloud computing and Internet technologies, some new business models and business forms have sprung up like mushrooms, such as electronic commerce, electronic retailing, rural taobao, take-out food and beverage, and express logistics etc,which are playing important roles in solving China's biggest employment challenge and promoting China's economy to achieve the goal of high-quality development. Based on the background of the rapid development of new formats, the employment forms of migrant workers in the labor market are more flexible and diversified, the employment relationship has changed from "wage employment" to "self-employment", and the new service forms such as e-retailing, take-out catering, express logistics and so on have increasingly become the new "wind outlet" for migrant workers' employment and entrepreneurship. However, migrant workers have been faced with severe financing constraints for starting businesses, due to the lack of desirable collateral, high transaction cost of loans and lack of credit information for a long time. In this regard, the government has launched the "two rights" mortgage loan pilot policy, aiming at realizing the capitalization of land rights and easing the financing constraints.While, What is the internal influence of land capital on the entrepreneurial decision and the choice of business type of migrant workers under the new formats? What is the effect and heterogeneity of "two rights" mortgage policy? What is the mechanism to solve the financing constraints of migrant workers and promote their entrepreneurship? These problems need to be further explored, and they are also the focus of research and innovation of the paper. Firstly, the research background and significance are expounded, and scientific questions are put forward.Secondly, define relevant concepts, review theories and literature, and put forward research hypotheses.Third, select the 2017 CMDS data of National health commission, based on the changes of employment relations and employment patterns under the development trend of new formats, a descriptive statistical analysis is made on the status quo of entrepreneurship, land capital and other endowment characteristics of migrant workers. Then, nested Logit regression was used to analyze the internal impact of land capital endowment on the entrepreneurial decision-making of migrant workers under the new formats, and multiple Logit regression was used to analyze the internal impact of land capital endowment on the 北京工业大学管理学硕士学位论文 IV entrepreneurial business choice of migrant workers under the new business model. After,the quasi-natural experimental method is used to construct a counterfactual framework and explore the policy effect and heterogeneity of the "two-right" mortgage loan pilot on the entrepreneurship of migrant workers, the stepwise regression and sobel method is used to test the mediating effect mechanism.Finally, the optimization strategy is proposed based on the research conclusion. Through empirical research, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) Whether there is land resource or not has a significant positive impact on the entrepreneurial decision of migrant workers. Migrant workers with contracted land or homestead in their hometowns are more inclined to choose opportunistic entrepreneurship.The contracted land area has a significant negative influence on the entrepreneurship of migrant workers, while the homestead area has a significant positive influence on the entrepreneurship of migrant workers. However, the land income has no significant influence on the entrepreneurial decision of migrant workers. (2) Whether there is land capital or not has a significant positive impact on the choice of the entrepreneurial format of migrant workers. The migrant workers with land capital are more inclined to choose the electronic wholesale and retail industry and take-out catering and lodging industry under the new formats.The contracted land area has a significant negative influence on the selection of the entrepreneurial business of migrant workers, but the homestead area has no significant influence on the selection of the entrepreneurial business of migrant workers.Contracted land sublease income has a significant positive impact on the selection of entrepreneurial business of migrant workers, but contracted land self-cultivation income has no significant impact on the selection of entrepreneurial business of migrant workers, and the potential value of land capital needs to be explored.(3) The "two-right" mortgage pilot policy has a positive and significant net effect on the entrepreneurial decision of migrant workers. However, due to the heterogeneity of different geographical regions and land scales, the contracted land mortgage pilot has a more obvious effect than the homestead mortgage pilot. (4) The income level