地下水作为重要的水资源，进入 21 世纪以来，随着各类产业在全球范围的发展， 人类对其的需求日益攀升。同时由于各类农业、工业污染造成原先地下水资源水质变差， 使得人类面临更加严峻的水资源安全问题。目前水资源短缺和水资源污染已经成为了国 内外许多城市面对的共同问题。 明水县位于黑龙江省的西南部，松嫩平原的东北部。全县地下水资源较为丰富，且 水质较好，。但由于农业作为其主要产业，对水资源的需求十分巨大，而近年来，其他工 业产业的快速发展，如制药业，农副产品加工业等，同时随着人民生活水平的上升，人 均生活用水量也逐年增加，三者共同作用进一步加剧了明水县对水资源的需求。因此， 为了保证明水县正常经济、生活用水需求，减轻明水县未来水资源压力，本研究是具有 一定研究意义的科研课题。 本研究通过资料收集分析，物探技术，抽水实验，地下水动态观测，水质分析,综合 研究了研究区天然地下水量，可允许开采量，水质，开采区域水位降深。 研究区位于明水县西部，区内面积 200km 2 。研究通过物探技术，选择古近系依安组 地层作为主要地下水含水层，总厚度在 0-256m，分为多个含水层，每个含水层的厚度在 32.9m—58.8m 之间，利用抽水实验，并以实抽井径，利用直线公式进行涌水量推算，研 究表明，研究区内的单井涌水量在 465.47—785.82m 3 /d 之间；利用 Theis 公式计算研究 区地层的渗透系数约为 0.95—8.68m/d，影响半径 111.43m—350.5m，其富水性分区属于 水量中等区。 根据研究区 10 个勘探孔和 2 个观测孔的水质分析资料，与饮用水水质标准、锅炉 用水标准和农业灌溉用水标准依次对比，按各类指标分别进行评价。研究区内除个别出 水井中色度、浊度，总硬度，铁超标外，绝大多数水井水质符合国家饮用水水质标准。 研究区内所有水井水水质均符合锅炉用水标准和农业灌溉用水标准。通过勘探抽水试验， 采用保守的开采系数法计算，推算研究区地下水补给量为 0.792×10 4 m 3 /d，地下水排泄量 为 0.708×10 4 m 3 /d。均衡区总补给量大于总排泄量，总允许开采量为 0.475×10 4 m 3 /d，占 地下水天然资源量的 60%，其开采量是有补给保证的。 根据详查区的水文地质条件，结合本次详查工作所圈定富水地段，选择研究区东北II 部的登家屯附近为开采井布设区，渐新统承压含水层为主要供水目的层，共布置开采井 9 眼，井距 400m，井深设计 200m。以允许开采量按 0.475×10 4 m 3 /d 计算，对中心孔利用 水位叠加计算法进行水位预测，在开采 20 年后，水源地中心水位降深为 12.19m，远小 于最大允许降深，布井方案与开采方案切实可行。 综上所述，结合现有资料和物探技术，抽水实验查明了明水县研究区的水文地质条 件，推算并评价了区域的地下水资源与水质。拟确定的开采地址与开采方案符合明水县 经济发展的需求，具有一定的可行性为水源地的建设与开采利用、管理提供了科学依据。 关键词，后备水源地，地下水资源评价，可行性研究，明水县III ABSTRACT Groundwater, in the 21st century, with the development of all kinds of industry in the world, is an important water resources. With variable agriculture and industrial pollution taking place frequently, in groundwater. The water resource problem, human facing, is being worse. And, many cities have to face the problem of the water resource shortage and water resource pollution. Mingshui County is site southwest in the Heilongjiang province, north-east in Song Nen plain. It has rich groundwater resource. And the water quality match to mineral water standard. But, agriculture needs a large quantity. Even with the other industry development, the demand for water resource is rising. And the domestic consumption is also not left out. Given for matching the demand of city development and the rising domestic consumption, the study on candidate water sources is a certain significance scientific subject. Several methods concluding analysis of the data collection, geophysical exploration techniques, pumping test, dynamic observation of groundwater, water quality analysis are conducted for estimating the natural groundwater yield, allowed production, groundwater quality, water level drawdown in this study. The yield of water outflow from single well vary from465.47—785.82m 3 /d. permeability coefficient varies from 0.95 to 8.68m/d. radius of influence vary from 111.43m to 350.5m. The Hydrogeology partition of research area belongs to water medium area. In addition to the water quality in the individual Wells, most of the water quality is up to the national drinking water quality standards. And all well water quality is up to Standards of the boiler water and agricultural irrigation water. Groundwater recharge in research region is 0.792 x 10 4 m 3 / d，which is greater than the total drainage（0.708×10 4 m 3 /d）. The total allowing production is 0.475×104m3/d, covering an area of 60% of water natural resources. The production is a supply guarantee. Nine wells were arranged in the northeast of research region nearby, spacing being 400 m, 200 m well depth. The groundwater is from Oligocene layer Confined aquifer mostly. In the condition of 0.475×104m3/d allowing water production, the drawdown is about 12.19 m inIV water source center, after 20 years, which is far less than the maximum permissible drawdown. And well spacing scheme and the pumping scheme is feasible. To sum up, in combination with the existing data and geophysical exploration techniques, pumping experiment, the Mingshui county hydrogeologic condition is surveyed. And the regional groundwater resources and the water quality are evaluated. The water head site and scheme in plan can meet the demand of Mingshui County economic development, having certain feasibility for the construction of water source and provideing the scientific basis for exploitation and management. Key word，Candidate Water Sources, Groundwater Resource Evaluation, Feasibility Study, Mingshui CountyI 目录 摘要.....................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... III 第一章 绪论....................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景 ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 国内外研究现状................................................................................................................................. 1 1.3 研究内容与目的................................................................................................................................. 3 1.4 研究实施方案..................................................................................................................................... 3 1.4.1 资料收集........................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4.2 物探调查........................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4.3 抽水试验........................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4.4 地下水动态监测 ............................................................................................................................... 4 1.4.5 水质分析........................................................................................................................................... 5 1.4.6 总结................................................................................................................................................... 5 第二章 研究区概况........................................................................................................6 2.1 地理位置与交通................................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 自然地理 ............................................................................................................................................ 7 2.3 水文与气象条件................................................................................................................................. 7 2.4 基础地质.......................................................................................