I 摘要 随着城市建筑面积不断增加，造成我国城市建筑能耗的迅速增加，大大超过 了同期的能源供应增长速度，能源问题已成为了我国重要的发展战略问题。本文 所研究的供能系统对应的经济区属于中心商业经济区。该商业经济区建设委员会 建设规划明确了提高能源利用率，减少建筑能耗的方针，将该经济区建设成为一 座绿色、生态、低碳的模范经济区。本文以该经济区的供能方式作为研究对象， 进行理论分析研究。 首先，通过统计该经济区所处气候设计气象参数，确定供能系统的制冷期和供 热期；利用 DeST 软件模拟经济区建筑群的全年空调冷负荷和空调热负荷。同时计 算统计全年卫生热水热负荷。 其次，依照全年建筑群冷热负荷，拟采用以天然气为一次能源进行发电，利用 发电余热制冷制热的三联供和江水源热泵复合的分布式能源系统，在地下建设区 域能源站，对整个 80 万 m 2 建筑物进行集中供冷供热。通过对燃气内燃机间接连 接的三联供系统和燃气内燃机直接连接的三联供系统两种工艺流程的对比，选择 余热利用方式，分析夏季和冬季分布式能源系统运行方式，确保达到较高的余热利 用率。 遵循“以热定容”原则，比较燃气内燃机各种可能方案的年运行费用、总投资、 综合能源利用效率、余热供能比例、年运行时数等各种量化指标，采用层次分析法 对各方案进行排序确定本供能系统内燃发电机组的方案，选择余热利用方式，分析 夏季和冬季分布式能源系统运行方式，确保达到较高的余热利用率。 最后，计算分布式能源系统的年平均能源综合利用率。对比冷热电联产+水源 热泵系统和传统水源热泵系统方案内部收益率、投资效益以及能耗。可见带有燃气 冷热电三联供能源的复合系统更具经济性和高效性，既有利于提高综合能源利用 效率、响应国家节能减排的号召，又有利于为企业节省可观的能源费用，促进企业 的自身发展。 关键词：分布式能源系统，余热利用，层次分析法，年平均能源综合利用率， 能耗III ABSTRACT With the increase of urban construction area ,China's urban building energy consumptions grow rapidly, much higher than the growth rate of the same period of energy supply. Energy has become an important development strategy in China.The supply system we studied in this paper belongs to a commercial center of the economic zone in the city. Construction Committee of the Business Economic Area makes an construction plan, which has a clear policy to improve energy efficiency and reduce building energy consumption, and builds a green, ecological, low-carbon model of economic zone. Based on the economic zone’s energy supply system as the research object, the optimization was studied by theoretical analysis. First, through the statistics of the climate design meteorological parameters of the economic zone, determine energy supply system’s cooling and heating periods,and use DeSTsoftware to simulate the buildings’year-round air conditioning cooling load and air conditioning heat load in this economic zone. At the same time calculate the sanitary hot water heating load for the whole year Secondly, in accordance with the annual heating and cooling load of buildings, natural gas is proposed to be used as primary energy for power generation. Choose CCHP system and river water source heat pump as compound distributed energy systems to establish an underground regional energy station. The energy station should provide centralized cooling and heating demand for the whole 800000 m2 building. Based on two systems’ process flow, CCHP system with indirect connected gas internal combustion engine and CCHP system with direct connected gas internal combustion engine directly, select the utilization of waste heat. Analyze the distributed energy systems’ operation mode in summer and winter.and ensure more efficient use of waste heat. Choosing the generator capacity by heat load,and follow this principle to compare various quantitative indicators of possible scenarios for gas engines, such as annual operating cost, total investment, proportion of comprehensive energy efficiency, waste heat utilization, annual operating hours. Using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to sort of all programs, and select the program with the highest overall weight coefficient of internal combustion turbine. Ensure that air conditioning has first priority use of generator waste heat. Finally, calculate the average annual energy comprehensive utilization of distributed 重庆大学硕士学位报告重庆大学硕士学位报告 IV energy system. Set two energy system programs,one is CCHP and water source heat pump compound system,the other is water source heat pump systerm Compared to these two energy system programs’ internal rate of return, benefit of investment and energy consumption, we can see that the compond system with CCHP is more economical and more efficient. It is not only good to improve the overall efficiency of energy use, and response to the call of the national energy conservation and emissions reduction, but also conducive to save considerable energy costs for the enterprise and promote enterprise's own development. Key words： distributed energy system, waste heat utilization, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), average annual energy comprehensive utilization, energy consumption目 录 V 目 录 中文摘要..........................................................................................................................................I 英文摘要.......................................................................................................................................III 1 绪 论.........................................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 简单的分布式能源系统原理................................................................................................... 1 1.3 国内外研究现状....................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.1 国内研究现状 ................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 国外研究现状 ................................................................................................................... 3 1.3.3 国内外工程现状 ............................................................................................................... 4 1.4 本课题的建设背景................................................................................................................... 4 1.5 本课题研究内容....................................................................................................................... 5 2 西南地区某经济区的负荷分析 ...................................................................................7 2.1 西南地区某区域的建设规模................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 西南地区某区域能源系统设计参数 ............................................................................... 8 2.1.2 室外气象参数 ................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.3 室内气象设计参数 ......................................................................................................... 11 2.2 全年制冷与采暖负荷统计与分析......................................................................................... 11 2.2.1 办公与金融区制冷与采暖负荷及统计分析 ................................................................. 11 2.2.2 酒店公寓区制冷与采暖负荷及统计分析 ..................................................................... 13 2.2.3 商业区制冷与采暖负荷及统计分析 ............................................................................. 14 2.2.4 餐饮区制冷与采暖负荷及统计分析 ............................................................................. 15 2.2.5 文化娱乐区制冷与采暖负荷及统计分析 ..................................................................... 16 2.2.6 综合制冷与采暖负荷及统计分析 ................................................................................. 17 2.3 全年冷热负荷以及全年耗热量和耗冷量统计.....................................................................