I 摘要 目前，以天然气、液化石油气及柴油为主的清洁燃料被广泛运用在我国以及 一些发达国家。然而天然气与液化石油气都是具有一定储量的化工原料，深加工 后的附加值很高，因而没有很好的代替资源，只能将其作为普通燃料烧掉。在油 气田开采过程中出现了以 C4、C5 和 C6 为组分的的副产品，这部分烃质我们成为 轻烃质，这部分副产品可通过气化装置气化后混空得到轻烃燃气。轻烃不仅储量 大，气化后燃烧不携带任何污染物，而且轻烃热值很高，通过合理的技术手段能 够制取安全、无污染的民用与工业燃气，可替代天然气与液化石油气作为新的补 充气源。 本文首先对轻烃市场进行了分析，展示了国内外学者对于轻烃质能源的利用 与开发，国外学者对这方面研究主要侧重于精蒸馏与提取方面，对 C4、C5 的提纯 与理论化研究工作比较全面，对于运用方面的研究较少。国内学者在 2000 年之前 就有对轻烃气化后形成的轻烃燃气做过分析，对于燃气的应用有了一定的奠定基 础。 其次，对于适合气化制备轻烃燃气的轻烃油的物理参数进行了分析描述，并 对轻烃由液到气的气化过程进行了理论分析，为轻烃燃气制气设备的设计与优化 提供了技术支持。对于混空轻烃燃气的应用市场做了调研与分析，并对轻烃燃气 锅炉进行传热理论分析与换热改进设计。 然后，对轻烃燃气的制气设备与制气流程进行介绍，并通过 Aspen Plus 软件 模拟了该气化的工艺流程。通过对混空轻烃燃气中的混空比、热值、压力、露点 温度等技术参数进行分析，探究混空比例对热值的影响和混空比、压力的变化对 露点温度造成的影响。之后对轻烃供气系统进行介绍，其中包括气站、输配，并 进行了可行性研究。并分析了自控条件下整个轻烃供气系统的运行情况。 最后，通过 DeST 模拟软件对邯郸市涉县神头村居民建筑进行负荷计算，得出 村民采暖季总热负荷情况，对轻烃燃气、天然气和用电供暖下的经济性分析对比。 本文所得出的结论，将为轻烃作为可替代天然气、液化石油气的补充气源提 供技术于经济依据，对轻烃燃气的开发与推广有一定的重要意义。 关键字，轻烃燃气；露点温度；混空比；气化过程；采暖热负荷；经济性Abstract II Abstract At present, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and diesel as the main clean fuels are widely used in China and some developed countries. However, natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas are both chemical raw materials with a certain reserve, and the added value after deep processing is very high, so there is no good substitute for resources, so they can only be burned as ordinary fuel. In the process of oil and gas field exploitation, by-products consisting of C4, C5 and C6 have appeared. This part of hydrocarbon has become light hydrocarbon. This part of by-product can get light hydrocarbon gas through gasification and air mixing. Light hydrocarbons not only have large reserves, but also have high calorific value after gasification. Safe and pollution-free civil and industrial gas can be produced by reasonable technical means, which can replace natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas as a new supplementary gas source. Firstly, the light hydrocarbon market is analyzed, and the utilization and development of light hydrocarbon energy by domestic and foreign scholars are shown. The foreign scholars mainly focus on the refined distillation and extraction, the purification and theoretical research of C4 and C5 are more comprehensive, and the application of research is less. Domestic scholars have analyzed the light hydrocarbon gas formed after gasification of light hydrocarbons before 2000, which has laid a certain foundation for the application of gas. Secondly, the physical parameters of light hydrocarbon oil suitable for gasification to produce light hydrocarbon gas are analyzed and described, and the gasification process of light hydrocarbon from liquid to gas is analyzed theoretically, which provides technical support for the design and optimization of light hydrocarbon gas production equipment. The application market of mixed air light hydrocarbon gas was investigated and analyzed, and the heat transfer theory analysis and heat transfer improvement design of light hydrocarbon gas boiler were carried out. Then, the gas making equipment and process of light hydrocarbon gas are introduced, and the gasification process is simulated by Aspen Plus software. ByAbstract III analyzing the technical parameters such as mixing-air ratio, calorific value, pressure and dew point temperature, the influence of mixing-air ratio on calorific value and the influence of mixing-air ratio and pressure change on dew point temperature are explored. Then the light hydrocarbon gas supply system is introduced, including gas stations, transportation and distribution, and feasibility study is carried out. The operation of the whole light hydrocarbon supply system under automatic control is also analyzed. Finally, the load of Shentou village residential buildings in Shexian County of Handan City is calculated by DeST simulation software, and the total heat load of villagers in heating season is obtained. The economic analysis and comparison of light hydrocarbon gas, natural gas and electricity heating are made. The conclusions drawn in this paper will provide technical and economic basis for light hydrocarbon as a supplementary gas source which can replace natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas, and have certain significance for the development and popularization of light hydrocarbon gas Key words: Light hydrocarbon gas; Dew point temperature; Mixed space ratio; Gasification process; The heat load of heating; economical efficiency目 录 I 目 录 摘要............................................................................................................................I Abstract.......................................................................................................................II 第 1 章 绪论........................................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景..............................................................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状................................................................................................................2 1.2.1 国外研究现状......................................................................................2 1.2.2 国内研究现状......................................................................................3 1.3 课题的研究意义、内容和研究方法.............................................................5 1.3.1 课题研究的意义和目的......................................................................5 1.3.2 课题研究的内容..................................................................................5 1.3.3 课题研究的方法..................................................................................6 1.4 本章小结.........................................................................................................7 第 2 章 轻烃油与混空轻烃燃气.................................................................................................9 2.1 轻烃油.............................................................................................................9 2.1.1 轻烃油源概况......................................................................................9 2.1.2 轻烃油原料组成与技术指标............................................................10 2.2 轻烃油气化过成的理论分析.......................................................................13 2.2.1 气泡的形成与尺寸............................................................................13 2.2.2 气泡的上升速度................................................................................13 2.2.3 孔隙率................................................................................................14 2.2.4 液位高度............................................................................................15 2.3 混空轻烃燃气...............................................................................................15 2.3.1 混空轻烃燃气的应用........................................................................15 2.3.2 燃气锅炉的应用................................................................................17 2.4 轻烃燃气锅炉..................................................