传统的混合设备主要有水力和机械两种形式，漏斗形涡流反应器是一种利用水 力混合进行水处理的新型设备，其在冶金时的铁水预处理中已经应用，对铁水的 预处理效果好，由于铁水的密度远大于水，高效混合难度也远大于水，因此存在 将这种漏斗形涡流反应器运用于水处理领域的可能性。本文按照 FLUENT 软件模 拟出的漏斗式涡流反应器的最优几何尺寸进行了试验验证，旨在提高药剂与水的 混合效率和改善水处理的效果，并对采用水力混合方式的漏斗式涡流反应器的水 力特性与混合效果进行了研究。以 NaCl 作为示踪剂进行示踪试验，研究了反应器 内的水力流态分布情况；通过混合效果和絮凝效果试验 ，进一步研究了反应器的 混合效果，并确定了最佳混合效果时反应器的流态分布及水力参数。以下为本论 文的主要研究结论： 1. 漏斗式涡流反应器的水力流态介于完全混合式和推流式之间，并且反应器 内存在真空区，最佳的水力条件为：反应器的串联级数是 2～3，有 3%～4%的真 空区。反应器的水力流态和空间利用率受进水流速影响大，进水流速为 0.1m/s、 0.2m/s、0.3m/s 时，反应器的空间利用率差，水流未能充满整个反应器；进水流速 为 0.4m/s、0.5m/s、0.6m/s 时，反应器的空间得到充分利用，水流充满整个反应器。 同时反应器只需通过水泵控制，大大节省了耗能。 2. 漏斗式涡流反应器依靠切向进水和进出水口的高差可使反应器内水流形成 稳定涡旋，依靠喉口可强化返混作用，在喉口下部产生回流，使得药剂在水中快 速扩散，与水快速均匀的混合。进水流速为 0.1m/s 时，药剂与水混合效果最差， 其余进水流速均优于烧杯试验。其中，进水流速为 0.4m/s 时，返混作用最强，药 剂可以在水中快速的扩散，混合效果最好，有利于后续水处理工艺。并且混合效 果不受原水水质的影响，进水流速是唯一的影响因素。 3. 将反应器混合后的出水再次回流至反应器内，可延长水流在反应器内的水 力停留时间，有助于药剂与水的继续混合；并且流速减小，有利于絮凝反应的发西安建筑科技大学硕士学位报告 生。最佳条件为：第一次进水流速为 0.4m/s，回流进水流速为 0.2m/s。 4. 漏斗式涡流反应器具有水力停留时间短，混合效果好的特点，为后续水处 理工艺提供了前提条件。由于反应器的混合效果好，故在反应器外增设絮凝区， 药剂与水经过快速混合后，固液分离效果好，且反应器在相同水力停留时间下的 出水浊度明显小于烧杯试验。 关键词：漏斗式涡流反应器，水力特性，返混作用，混合效果。 报告类型：应用研究西安建筑科技大学硕士学位报告 Feasibility Study of Funneling Vortex Reactor in Water Treatment Specialty: Municipal Engineering Name: Jiang Han Instructor: Prof. Ren Yongxiang Abstract The traditional mixing equipments mainly have two different forms: hydraulic and mechanical. Funnel-shaped vortex reactor is a kind of new equipment that using hydraulic mixing for water treatment, which has been used and have a good effect in hot metal pretreatment of metallurgy. Since the density of hot metal is much greater than water and its high efficiency of mixing is also much difficulty than water, it is possible that the funnel vortex reactor could be used in the field of water treatment. Based on the optimal geometrical dimensions of the funnel vortex reactor that simulated by FLUENT before, the aim of this study is to improve the mixing efficiency of medicine with water and the efficiency of water treatment. The hydraulic characteristics and mixing effect of the funnel vortex reactor were colse studied. To study the reactor’s hydraulic flow distribution, NaCl was used as a tracer. Furthermore, the mixing and flocculation tests were used to further investigate the mixing effect, to determine the reactor’s flow distribution and to optimum hydraulic parameters of the reactor. The main research results of this paper are as follows: 1. The funnel vortex reactor’s flow regime was between continuous flow and plug flow, and vacuum was existed in the reactor. The optimum hydraulic conditions are as follows: the series stages of the reactor were 2 ~ 3, and the empty space were 3% ~ 4%. The reactor’s hydraulic flow regime and space utilization were seriously affected by the inlet flow velocity. The reactor space utilization was poor, and water was not full of the reactor when the inlet flow velocity were 0.1m/s, 0.2m/s and 0.3m/s, respectively. But when the water flow velocity was changed to 0.4m/s, 0.5m/s and 0.6m/s, water was full of the reactor. Meanwhile,the reactor only needed to be controlled by the pump, then the energy consumption would decreased considerably.西安建筑科技大学硕士学位报告 2. The formation of stable vortex by funnel vortex reactor could be obtained by means of the tangential inflow and height difference between inlet and outlet. The aditus laryngis could effectively enhance the backmixing, which making medicine rapid diffusion in water and fast evenly mixed with water. In mixing experiments, the medicine mixed with water had the worst effect when the water flow velocity was 0.1m/s. The other water velocity was better than the beaker test. Among them, when the water flow velocity was 0.4m/s, could effectively enhance the backmixing function and mixing effect were the best, and medicine could rapidly diffuse in water, which was advantageous to the downstream water treatment process. Additionally, the mixing effect was not affected by raw water quality, and water flow velocity was the unique influencing factor. 3. Returning effluent to the reactor after mixing could prolong the hydraulic retention time in the reactor, and benefited to the mixture of agents and water. Furthermore, the flow velocity was decreased, and conducive to the flocculation in reaction. The best hydraulic conditions were as follows: the water flow velocity was 0.4m/s and 0.2m/s for reflux water velocity. 4. Due to the merits of short hydraulic retention time and better mixing effect by funnel vortex reactor, which provided the precondition for downstream water treatment process. Since the better mixing effect, it is proper to set flocculation area out of the reactor. After rapid mixing of reagent and water, better performance of solid-liquid separation could be achieved. And the effluent turbidity of reactor was significantly less than the beaker test under the same hydraulic retention time. Keywords: funnel vortex reactor, hydraulic characteristics, backmixing function, mixing effect. Type of Thesis:Applied research西安建筑科技大学硕士学位报告 I 目 录 1 绪论 .......................................................................................................................................1 1.1 混凝与澄清的研究现状与进展 ..................................................................................1 1.1.1 混凝 ....................................................................................................................1 1.1.2 澄清 ....................................................................................................................1 1.2 给水处理中常见的混合技术 ......................................................................................3 1.2.1 混合技术 ............................................................................................................3 1.2.2 混合技术的研究发展方向 ................................................................................4 1.3 涡流反应器 ..................................................................................................................4 1.3.1 微涡流理论 ........................................................................................................4 1.3.2 涡流反应器的研究现状与进展 ........................................................................5 1.4 研究目的、内容和技术路线 ......................................................................................8 1.4.1 课题来源 ...........................................................................................................8 1.4.2 研究目的 ...........................................................................................................8 1.4.3 研究内容 ...........................................................................................................8 1.4.4 技术路线图 .......................................................................................................9 2 试验方法与装置................................................................................................................. 11 2.1 主