提高空调的使用效率有利于提高深度混合动力汽车的经济性，由于深度混合动力汽 车的发动机运行比例低于 60%，使汽车无法通过发动机获得足够的余热用于采暖，不能 沿用传统燃油汽车的空调系统来制冷制热。常见的解决方法有在制冷系统上加装 PTC 热敏电阻进行采暖、运用储热式制冷采暖空调系统的热储能进行采暖、通过加装燃油加 热器式进行采暖，以及以热泵形式进行采暖等。 市面上主流方法是加装 PTC 热敏电阻，本文则设计一套热泵空调系统，比加装 PTC 热敏电阻的空调系统更加节能。为此本文以加装 PTC 热敏电阻空调的深度混合动力汽 车代表车型普锐斯为研究对象，通过实车测试获取深度混合动力汽车运行能耗、采暖系 统能耗，电动机发热情况和电池发热情况，以及深度混合动力汽车工作模式和其转换过 程的要素，在此基础上模拟将车辆 PTC 采暖替换成热泵采暖空调系统，计算车辆在不 同外界环境温度下的采暖能耗，与原车的 PTC 采暖能耗进行经济性对比，由此来评测 深度混合动力汽车应用热泵采暖空调后对汽车的经济性的影响。 通过对该款深度混合动力汽车在不同环境温度下，当电池电量固定为 5.2kWh 时，以 车速 40km/h 定速行驶 100 公里数和 30 公里时，PTC 热敏电阻采暖与热泵采暖的空调能 耗差、车辆油耗差对比研究发现，当温度逐渐下降时，PTC 热敏电阻采暖比热泵采暖更 耗能耗油。特别是在低温区间，选用热泵采暖系统比 PTC 采暖系统更加有效地提高深 度混合动力汽车的经济性。 由于混合动力汽车空调系统的使用情况受到电池蓄电量的影响，本文还以该款深度 混合动力汽车为研究对象，对比选用蓄电量为 5.2kWh、8kWh、11.58kWh 和 18KWh 电 池为驱动电源，在以车速 40km/h 定速行驶 30 公里时的 PTC 采暖空调和热泵采暖空调 的经济性。对比发现随着蓄电量增加，发动机的运行时间逐步下降，使得 PTC 采暖系 统和热泵采暖系统的深度混合动力汽车的经济性都随之提升。但由于热泵采暖系统比 PTC 采暖系统更节能，使得在定行程内，热泵采暖系统深度混合动力汽车的发动机运行 时间比 PTC 采暖系统的发动机运行时间更短，由于油费单价远远比用电单价高，因此 存在一个电池蓄电量，在该电池蓄电量下选用热泵采暖系统深度混合动力汽车车辆相对 于选用 PTC 采暖系统的 深度混合动力汽车，经济性达到最大值。此后，随着 PTC 采暖 系统车辆的发动机运行时间进一步减少，两者经济性又趋于下降。 但由于本文设计的热泵系统还回收蓄电池的热量，而蓄电池发热量随着蓄电量的增 加而增加，因此热泵系统的 COP 值随蓄电池可回收热量增加而提高，因此热泵采暖系 统相对 PTC 采暖系统的经济性又随着电池蓄电量的增加而提升。 综合以上几种不同情况下的经济性对比，可以发现在低于 18℃开始采暖的深度混合 动力汽车，运用热泵采暖空调系统均比采用 PTC 采暖空调系统节能，更能有效提高深 度混合动力汽车的经济性。 关键词，深度混合动力汽车、热泵空调、PTC 采暖、经济性 Abstract Improving efficiency in the use of air conditioning will help to improve the economy of the Depth Hybrid Power Vehicle .However , the proportion of the Depth of hybrid’s engine operation is less than 60% , it makes the car could not get enough heat from the engine for heating . So the Depth Hybrid Power Vehicle can not follow the air-conditioning system of the traditional fuel car to cool and heat. There are some common solutions : Installing the PTC to heat the passenger compartment ,Using the thermal energy storage to heat the passenger compartment ,or installing the fuel heater type ,or installing the heat-pump heating and so on. The common method in market is to install the PTC .This paper presents the Heat Pump air conditioning system that it is more economic than the PTC. So the author choose the Prius 3 which depth hybrid car has installed the PTC . The author has tested the energy consumption of the depth hybrid car and heating system ,it also tests the fever cases of the electric motor and the battery , and the impact about the process of the depth hybrid car’s mode . On this basis, The author simulates that replacing the PTC by the Heat Pump heating in the depth hybrid car , to calculate the heating energy consumption of the new heating system with the original car at different ambient temperatures , and use it to compared the economy of two heating system . Due to the use of the Depth Hybrid Power Vehicle air conditioning system by the impact of battery capacity , The author also compared the depth hybrid car which use 5.2kWh, 8kWh, 11.58kWh and 18kWh battery, when the car has traveled 30 kilometers in the speed of 40km / h . The comparison shows that the engine running time gradually decreased,when electricity storage has increased. It makes the economy of PTC heating system and heat pump heating system depth hybrid cars increase. However, The heat pump heating system is more energy efficient than the PTC heating system, so making the running time of the engine in the heat pump heating system Depth Hybrid Power Vehicle shorter than PTC heating system’s engine, Because of the price of oil costs far more than the price of electricity high, so there is a battery capacity which is the selection of the battery capacity in heat pump heating systems can get maximum economy. Thereafter, both economical and tends will decrease when with further reduction of the engine operation time. However, because this design of the heat pump system also recovered to the heat of the battery, and the battery charge amount increases as the heat increases , so the COP of the heat pump system will increase when the battery increases recoverable heat, the heat pump heating system’s economy will increases. The economy of depth of hybrid car is impacted not only on the the travel mileage but also on the storage capacity of battery. By comparing the air conditioning energy consumption and the vehicle fuel consumption in different of the battery capacity (5.2kWh, 8kWh, 11.58kWh and 18kWh) in the 40 km/h speed and 30km distance, we find that the economic difference about the PTC and the Heat Pump reaches a peak in a specified mileage. After it, the ratio between the economy is decreased gradually. When the cooling load is less than the recyclable heat of the battery, The Heat Pump began to economy than the PTC. By comparing the economy of different circumstances ，we can find that it is more economic to use the Heat Pump to instead the PTC in the Depth Hybrid Power Vehicle’s heating when the environmental temperature lower than 18 ℃ Keywords: Depth Hybrid Power Vehicle, Heat Pump , PTC ，Economy 目录 摘要.............................................................................................................................................I Abstract ................................................................................................................................... III 目录...........................................................................................................................................V 第一章 绪论..............................................................................................................................1 1.1 前言............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 深度混合动力汽车工作原理....................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 混合动力汽车的分类........................................................................................ 3 1.2.2 深度混合动力汽车驱动形式的分类................................................................ 6 1.3 深度混合动力汽车空调特性....................................................................................... 8 1.4 深度混合动力汽车空调系统研究现状....................................................................... 9 1.5 本文研究内容和意义................................................................................................. 11 1.5.1 研究内容........................................................................................................... 11 1.5.2 本文研究意义................................................................................................... 11 1.5.3 拟采用研究方法.............................................................................................. 12 第二章 深度混合动力汽车热泵空调机理分析....................................................................14 2.1 深度混合动力汽车运行模式...............................................................