目 录
1. 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景与动机 1
1.2 研究的目的与意义 3
1.3 研究范围和方法 4
1.3.1 研究对象 4
1.3.2 研究方法 5
1.3.3 研究过程 5
2. 文献综述 6
2.1 教师职业倦怠的相关内容 6
2.1.1 职业倦怠的定义 6
2.1.2 教师职业倦怠的来源 7
2.1.3 教师职业倦怠的表现 9
2.1.4 教师职业倦怠的测量 10
2.1.5 教师职业倦怠的形成与阶段 11
2.2 激励措施相关理论 16
2.3 职业倦怠的研究现状 17
3. 调查的设计与实施 19
3.1 研究架构19
3.2 研究对象与取样方法 19
3.3 研究工具（问卷量表的设计） 21
3.3.1 大学教师职业倦怠量表的选定 21
3.3.2 问卷的设计 21
3.3.3 量表的信度与效度分析 21
3.3.4 数据处理（资料分析） 22
3.4 问卷发放与回收 22
4. 研究结果与讨论 24
4.1 南昌 S 学院教师职业倦怠的现况。 24
4.2 不同背景因素与教师职业倦怠的关系 25
4.2.1 南昌 S 学院教师职业倦怠的性别差异情况25
4.2.2 南昌 S 学院不同教龄的教师职业倦怠差异情况26
4.2.3 南昌 S 学院不同职称的教师职业倦怠差异情况26
4.2.4 南昌 S 学院学院不同课程性质的教师职业倦怠的差异情况 27II
4.2.5 南昌 S 学院不同收入的教师职业倦怠的差异情况28
5. 本个案研究总结和管理策略 30
5.1 本个案的教师职业倦怠特征 30
5.2 针对职业倦怠各阶段的管理对策 32
6. 结论与展望 35
6.1 职业倦怠状况35
6.2 不同因素影响下的教师职业倦怠存在差异 35
6.3 本研究的局限和展望 36
6.3.1 样本和问卷的局限 36
6.3.2 本研究的展望 36
参考文献38
附录一41
附录二42
附录三43
致 谢44III
Contents
1. Introduction1
1.1 Backgrounds and motivation 1
1.2 Purpose and significance 3
1.3 Scope and methodology 4
1.3.1 Study object 4
1.3.2 Methodology5
1.3.3 Study process 5
2. Literature review 6
2.1 Relative studies on teachers'burnout6
2.1.1 Definition in job burnout6
2.1.2 Origins of job burnout 7
2.1.3 presentations of job burnout 9
2.1.4 measurement of job burnout 10
2.1.5 Formation and stages of job burnout 11
2.2 Theories on stimulation16
2.3 Present study progress of job burnout 17
3. Design and conduct of the survey 19
3.1 Study struction 19
3.2 Study object and sampling 19
3.3 Study method (design of the scale) 21
3.3.1 Designation of the scale 21
3.3.2 Questionaire designing 21
3.3.3 Crediblity and efficiency check 21
3.3.4 Data analysis 22
3.4 Issuance and retrieval of the questionnaire 22
4. Study result and discussion 24
4.1 Present job burnout status of the subject 24
4.2 The interaction among aspects25
4.2.1 Variations on gender perspectives 25
4.2.2 Variations on working extents 26
4.2.3 Variations on technical posts 26
4.2.4 Variations on the differences of curriculum 27IV
4.2.5 Variations on the income levels 28
5. Research outcome and Managerial strategies 30
5.1 Burnout charactoristics of this case 30
5.2 Specified strategies for job burnout stages32
6. Conclusion and prospect 35
6.1 Job burnout status 35
6.2 Variations under different perspectives35
6.3 Prosecpt and limits of the study 36
6.3.1 confinement of the samples and design 36
6.3.2 prospect of the study 36
References 38
Appendix 1 41
Appendix 2 42
Appendix 3 43
Thanks 441
摘要
本文旨在讨论已成为近年来关注焦点的职业倦怠问题。教师职业的工作重复
性、按部就班行以及投入与产出不成比例等特点，使得教师这个职业成为职业倦
怠的高发行业。教师的职业倦怠感不但对学生的成长及发展会产生巨大的消极影
响，并且会由此进一步影响社会的发展和进步。因此研究如何预防和克服教师职
业倦怠显得尤为重要

为区别于一般公办或者民办高校，本文所指的“学院”为独立学院，即由普通
本科高校与社会资本合作举办的进行本科层次教育的高等教育机构。独立学院的
教师职业倦怠现象首先体现在这类高等院校教师受关注度较少，教师所面对的授
课群体基础相对较弱，他们的知识投入与其期望值时常相去甚远，从而导致其在
专业技术实施上的倦怠感。其次，在以授课为主要导向的大环境下，独立学院的
教师在个人专业技术职称的提升上也存在一定的限制性，这些限制性激发的矛盾
导致了他们对职业产生了一定的倦怠感。再者，教师行业本身存在一定的规律性

周而复始，按部就班的职业特征让一部分教师在这个岗位上无法创造出预期中的
成就感和价值平衡。综上所述，独立学院教师更容易产生职业倦怠的情况。本论
文选取南昌 S 学院教师为抽样对象，从该校教职工中进行随机抽样，通过调查、
研究抽样结果，从而分析出该校职业倦怠状况并讨论相应的管理对策，以作为本
学院或是其他研究在职业倦怠上的参考

文章首先概述了选题背景，说明研究意义和研究范围，并介绍了主要研究方
法。其次是对已有职业倦怠理论和管理理论的综述，并描述了职业倦怠的研究现
状。第三章介绍了职业倦怠量表的编制和调查的实施以及调研数据的统计分析

接下来的一章分析了研究结果并加以讨论。最后，根据结果讨论和该独立学院的
现状，提出了相应的管理建议

本文得出的主要结论有：一、被试高校教师出现了不同程度的职业倦怠，虽
然整体倦怠程度不高，但是特征非常明显。在职业倦怠三维度中，被试对象在个
人成就感降低方面存在的差异最大，情绪衰竭是教师的职业倦怠表现最为普遍的
维度，而去人性化表现不明显。二、人口统计学变量对高校教师职业倦怠水平及
各维度均有较为显著的影响，其中性别，教龄和收入水平的影响最为明显

基于问卷调查和访谈，本文针对独立学院教师职业倦怠特征提出的主要应对
建议是采取人性化的激励措施。应当基于职业倦怠各阶段的需求都不尽相同的特
点，有针对性地满足对各个教师群体的不同诉求。如调整分配制度，建立合理民
主的激励机制以及为青年教师提供发展空间等。为使管理建议尽量切合实际，本
文在很大程度上考虑了受访独立学院的现实情况

关键词：独立学院教师；职业倦怠维度；调查2
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to discuss the issue of job burnout that attracts
much academic and social concern. Teacher as a repetitive, monotonous and
unprofitable career, is particular vulnerable to job burnout. The symptoms of job
burnout on teachers will further generate negative impact on the students as well as on
the society. For that reason，to understand and investigate the reasons of teachers’ job
burnout and to solve it appears to having an urgent importance.
The easay has chosen the less studied independent college teacher job burnout as
the research object， as they are dealing with a type of more reluctant students， which
creates a distance between their expectations to the realities and a weariness on their
professions. Besides， in a mainstream of class teaching oriented of independent
college， the limit placed on the teachers’ pursuit of higher post and academic
achievement also causes tiredness of certain kind. more importantly， the tedious and
monotonous nature of teaching confines the teacher to a regular pace of work， which
failed to foster a sense of creativity and a balance of investment. concluding from
above， the possibility of job burnout coinsurance for teachers of independent college
is higher than that to colleges of other natures，
the research is conducted by questionnaires and researches among the faculties of
one of the independent college in NanChang， and correspondingly proposed some
managerial solutions according to result， in hope of helping this and its peer colleges
with similar difficulties.
The essay first Briefs on the background and meaning of this research， as well as
the scope and methodology; secondly， describes the developed theories on job
burnout and management. With a statement of resent research on job burnout. Next is a
introduction of the editorial work of scale and the conduction of the investigation.
Followed by a discussion of the research outcome. Finally， the managerial solution
being proposed based on that discuss and realities of the object.
The conclusions are: 1. There is a universal phenomenon of job burnout among
the objects， despite the insignificant degree of severity， features of job burnout have
been well exposed. On the three aspects of job burnout， Depersonalization is less
obvious comparing with emotionally overextended and feelings of personal
accomplishment; 2.The census data has shown certain effect on the job burnout，
among which， gender， length of service and salary levels presents a