摘 要
发达国家养老住宅建设已经积累了丰富的经验，拥有专业的研究、设计以及管理运营
公司和团队，其建筑设计、管理和服务更人性化。中国养老产业现状是敬老院数量严重不
足，而传统敬老院服务水平较低不能完全满足老年人需求。当前已有许多地产、保险等公
司普遍吸取美国、日本等国家养老项目建设的经验，在开发或运营大型养老社区项目，建
有相对较多的全面的娱乐休闲配套、生活辅助和医疗护理等设施。但当前关于养老地产项
目建设普遍处于起步和摸索阶段，符合中国国情的养老住宅建设尚缺少经验。
本文首先为将国外发达国家老龄化现状、养老金制度和相关政策、养老模式、养老机
构建设情况与国内情况进行综合对比，尤其对北京养老机构的情况进行了分析，揭示建设
运营中存在的各种问题。最后对中国养老地产项目从规划、设计到服务管理提出相关建议。
关键词：养老地产 养老金 比较 分析
ABSTRACT
The developed countries pension residential construction has accumulated rich experience,
has a professional research, design and management company and the team, its architectural
design, management and service of humanity. The status quo of China's pension industry is a
serious shortage of homes for the elderly, and the traditional nursing service level low cannot
fully meet the needs of the elderly. At present, many real estate companies such as the United
States of America, from insurance universal Japan national pension project construction
experience, in large pension community projects or business development, has a relatively more
comprehensive entertainment leisure facilities, assisted living and medical care facilities. But the
endowment real estate projects generally in the early stage, in line with China's national
conditions of housing construction is still lack of experience of pension.
This paper is the foreign developed countries the status of aging, the pension system and the
related policies, pension, pension institutions construction situation and domestic situation are
analysed, especially the Beijing pension institutions are analyzed, some problems revealed in the
construction and operation. At the end of the Chinese pension real estate projects from planning,
design to service management suggestions.
KEY WORDS： pension real estate, pensions, comparison, analysis