摘 要
市政公用事业是一国发展的经济基础,由于市政公用事业服务具有公益性,而且投资巨大、投资风险期
长。长期以来,市政公用事业在我国是以国家投资、国家建设及国家经营占据主导地位。然而,一方面随着社
会经济的发展,我国城镇化进程的加快,居民收入提高,消费者对高品质、高效率、广范围的市政公用服务诉
求日益高涨,维持原有的市政公用事业体制已经难以满足日益增长的社会公众需求。另一方面,目前我国市政
公用事业基础薄弱、经营管理落后、效率低下等现状,并且长期以来巨额的财政负担使得政府难以维持,将我
国市政公用事业市场化改革提上日程。

从上世纪90年代起,我国就在探索公用事业领域的调整和改革也取得了一些实质性的发展,在一定程度
上起到了推动公用事业改革的进程,但都没有从根本上解决公用事业的体制问题、行业规范问题,未能进入法
制规范的轨道。

公用事业市场化不全是企业行为,公用事业经济角色定位,必须使传统的国有企业成为适应市场经济要
求的自主经营、自我积累、自负盈亏、自我约束的法人主体和市场竞争主体,政府的监管由过去的人治向法
治、规治转型才能维护社会公共安全、社会公共利益和保障社会和谐,为社会公众提供更优质的市政公用事
业服务,本文从市政公用事业的基本特征出发,结合分析市政公用事业市场化一般性风险,比较西方国家公用
事业市场化改革进程及其风险控制模式,以 C 市燃气公司市场化改革为例,从公众利益受损的风险、政府信
用丧失的风险、国有资产流失的风险、职工的合法权益得不到保障的风险等方面提出实际具有可操作性的
风险控制应对措施。

关键词：市政公用事业;;市场化;;风险控制
Abstract
Municipal public utilities are the development of a country's economic base, As the municipal public utility
services, and a huge investment, a long period of the investment risk. For a long time, municipal utilities in the
country based on our investment, the country's construction and operation of the country dominated. However, on
the one hand, as the socio-economic development of China's urbanization process accelerated, to raise people's
income, consumer demand for high-quality, high efficiency, wide range of municipal services to the public
demands of the growing and maintenance of municipal utility system has been Difficult to meet the growing needs
of the public. On the other hand, China's municipal utility foundation is weak, backward management, inefficiency,
and so the status quo for a long time and huge financial burden makes it difficult for the Government to maintain
the will of our municipal utility market-oriented reform on the agenda.
From the 1990s onwards, China's exploration in the area of public utility adjustments and reforms have also
made a number of substantive development, to a certain extent, played a utility to promote the reform process, but
did not fundamentally solve the problem of public utilities Institutional issues, industry norms, the norms of the
rule of law can not enter the track.
The market is not a public utility companies, public utilities economic role must be to make the traditionalstate-owned
enterprises have become the requirements of the market economy of the self, self, self, self-restraint
and the main body of the main competition in the market, the Government's supervision by the past The rule of
man to the rule of law and regulations governing the maintenance of social transformation in order to public safety,
public interest and the protection of social harmony for the public to provide better municipal services, public
utilities, municipal utilities in this article from the basic features, combined with analysis of the municipal utility
market Of a general risk, compared with Western countries, public utilities market reform process and its risk
control mode to City Gas Company C market-oriented reforms, for example, from the risk of harm to the public
interest, the loss of credit risk, the risk of loss of state assets , The legitimate rights and interests are not guaranteed,
and other aspects of the risk of actual operational risk control measures.
Key Words：Municipal public utilities;; market;; risk control