Research on the impact of basic public service
supply on relative poverty in rural areas
of China
A Thesis Submitted to
Northwest Normal University
in partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the degree of
Master of Arts
in
Economics
By
Sun Bei
Supervisor :Professor Feng Ximing
May,2024
摘要近年来，我国脱贫攻坚工作取得了举世瞩目的成效，消除了地区间整体贫困和
绝对贫困。然而，绝对贫困的历史性消除，并不代表扶贫事业的结束。伴随着经济
社会的发展、人民生活水平的日益提高以及扶贫事业的持续推进，贫困的内涵也在
不断拓展，对于贫困的关注点由单一的收入贫困转向教育质量、健康水平和生活水
平等方面不足引发的多维贫困，我国与贫困的斗争也从克服危及基本生存的绝对
贫困现象转向应对发展不平衡、不充分带来的相对贫困问题。现有研究表明，基本
公共服务是我国贫困治理工作中不可或缺的主要推动力量，基本公共服务供给水
平的提高可以从多个维度缓解贫困群体的相对贫困状况，我国在2020年后的贫困
治理应以基本公共服务为战略方向。因此，深入研究基本公共服务供给对我国农村
相对贫困的影响对于我国相对贫困治理工作的有效推进具有重要的理论和现实意
义。
本文通过理论分析和实证分析深入探讨基本公共服务供给对我国农村相对贫
困的影响。在理论层面，从基本公共服务的“输血式”减贫效应和“造血式”减贫
效应两个方面阐述其对相对贫困的影响。在实证层面，采用中国家庭追踪调查数据
库2014-2020年的数据，使用A-F 法从多个维度测度我国相对贫困状况，在此基础
上构建Logit 模型分析基本公共服务供给对相对贫困的总体效应，使用中介效应模
型对基本公共服务的“造血式”减贫效应进行检验，并进行异质性分析，分析不同
类型和不同区域基本公共服务供给对相对贫困的影响。
研究结果表明：（1）贫困治理过程中，反贫困资源更多地集中于贫困程度较低
的相对贫困人口；（2）东部地区贫困程度最低、减贫速度最慢，西部地区贫困程度
最高、减贫速度最快；（3）收入维度和社会保障维度是我国相对贫困的两个主要来
源，成人慢性病逐渐成为影响家庭经济状况、劳动能力和生活质量的重要因素；（4）
基本公共服务可以直接减少相对贫困人口在这些方面的支出，提高覆盖率，发挥
“输血”功能，也能通过提高相对贫困人口的人力资本水平和主观发展动力实现减
贫，发挥“造血”功能。基于以上研究结论，本文得到相应的政策启示：要优化扶
贫资源分配机制，因地制宜实施差异化扶贫策略，提高基本公共服务供给水平，优
化基本公共服务供给结构，强化贫困治理工作的精准性和实效性。
关键词：基本公共服务；相对贫困；多维贫困指数；减贫效应
I
Abstract
Abstract
In recent years,China's poverty alleviation work has achieved remarkable results,
eliminating overall poverty and absolute poverty among regions.However,the historic
eradication of absolute poverty does not mean the end of poverty alleviation.With the
economic and social development,the increasing improvement of people's living
standards and the continuous advancement of poverty alleviation,the connotation of
poverty is also constantly expanding,and the focus of poverty has shifted from single-
income poverty to multidimensional poverty caused by insufficient education quality,
health level and living standards.The existing research shows that basic public services
are an indispensable driving force for poverty governance in China,and the improvement
of the supply level of basic public services can alleviate the relative poverty of poor
groups in multiple dimensions,and China's poverty governance after 2020should take
basic public services as the strategic direction.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and
practical significance to study the impact of the supply of basic public services on China's
rural relative poverty for the effective promotion of China's relative poverty governance.
Through theoretical and empirical analysis,this paper deeply explores the impact of
the provision of basic public services on relative poverty in rural China.At the theoretical
level,the impact of basic public services on relative poverty is expounded from two
aspects:the "blood transfusion"poverty reduction effect and the "hematopoietic"poverty
reduction effect.At the empirical level,using the data of the China Household Panel
Survey Database from 2014to 2020,the A-F method is used to measure China's relative
poverty from multiple dimensions,and on this basis,the Logit model is constructed to
analyze the overall effect of basic public service supply on relative poverty,and the
mediating effect model is used to test the "hematopoietic"poverty reduction effect of
basic public services,and heterogeneity analysis is carried out to analyze the impact of
different types and regions of basic public service supply on relative poverty.
The results show that:(1)In the process of poverty governance,anti-poverty
resources are more concentrated in the relatively poor population with low poverty level;
(2)The eastern region has the lowest poverty level and the slowest poverty reduction rate,
while the western region has the highest poverty level and the fastest poverty reduction
II
Abstract
rate.(3)The income dimension and the social security dimension are the two main
sources of relative poverty in China,and adult chronic diseases have gradually become
important factors affecting family economic status,labor ability and quality of life.(4)
Basic public services can directly reduce the expenditure of the relatively poor in these
aspects,improve the coverage rate,and play the function of "blood transfusion",and can
also achieve poverty reduction by improving the human capital level and subjective
development motivation of the relatively poor population,and play the function of
"hematopoiesis".Based on the above research conclusions,this paper obtains
corresponding policy implications:it is necessary to optimize the allocation mechanism
of poverty alleviation resources,implement differentiated poverty alleviation strategies
according to local conditions,improve the level of basic public service supply,optimize
the supply structure of basic public services,and strengthen the accuracy and
effectiveness of poverty governance.
Keywords:basic public services;relative poverty;multidimensional poverty index;
poverty reduction effects
III