文本描述
农村家庭教育期望对储蓄的影响研究
重庆大学硕士学位论文
(学术学位)
学生姓名:周奥
指导教师:刘渝琳教授
学科门类:经济学
学科名称:产业经济学
研究方向:教育经济
答辩委员会主席:张应良教授
授位时间:2023年6月
Saving for Education:Evidence from rural
families in China
A Thesis Submitted to Chongqing University
in Partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the degree of
Master of Science
in
Industrial economics
by
Ao Zhou
Supervisor:Prof.Yulin Liu
June,2023
中文摘要本文聚焦于农村家庭父母对子女的教育期望与家庭储蓄。随着社会经济的不
断发展,越来越多的农村家庭同城市家庭一样,对子女抱有高水平的教育期望。基
于对文献的分析,本文认为可能的原因在于,其一,乡村教育的发展为农村儿童达
到更高受教育水平提供有力保障;其二,教育回报率的不断提高对农村居民投资子
女教育有激励作用;其三,教育是农村居民永久迁移至城市地区的有效途径之一。
更高的教育期望表明父母意愿为子女进行更长时间的教育投资,子女更多的人力
资本积累将产生更多的教育支出,以及更长时间带来的收入不确定性是否会促使
农村家庭提前为此进行储蓄,从而表现为家庭储蓄率的提高?若如此,则通过何种
传导机制实现?此外,在农村地区重男轻女思想盛行的现实背景下,农村家庭父母
给予子女的教育期望是否会因子女性别不同而产生差异?与城市家庭相比,相对
收入更低、面临更多的资源约束的农村多子女家庭是否会因出生次序、性别差异而
给予子女不同的教育期望?对于上述问题,本文将结合文献和理论分析,并通过实
证的方法予以答案。
本文的研究使用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2014至2018年调查数据,在控
制了个体层面、家庭层面的特征,以及省份、年份变量后回归后发现:(1)农村家
庭中存在为子女教育而储蓄的现象,当父母预期到子女还将接受更长时间教育时
会提高家庭储蓄。此外,本文还揭示了这种影响的内在机理,当农村家庭面临子女
未来受教育的时间更长时,会促使家庭成员提供更多的劳动参与,从而促进家庭收
入水平的提高,从收入的路径来影响家庭储蓄;此外,家庭子女数量可作为教育期
望影响储蓄的调节机制,拥有更多子女的农村家庭更倾向于为子女教育进行储蓄。
(2)异质性分析表明,为子女教育进行储蓄的效应集中体现在子女平均年龄在7-
15岁或子女处于义务教育阶段的家庭中;农村家庭因对子女的教育期望而进行储
蓄的效应在低储蓄率和中等收入的家庭中更为明显;西部地区农村家庭相较于中
部和东部地区为子女教育而进行储蓄的程度更高。(3)进一步讨论结果表明,农村
地区仍然存在父母给予子女的教育期望因子女性别不同而产生的差异,表现为相
较于女性子女,父母更可能给予男性子女更高的教育期望,即对男性有更高的人力
资本投资意愿;农村多子女家庭中父母会因子女性别和出生次序的不同而给予不
同的人力资本投资策略,表现为教育期望的差异,这种效应更有利于家庭中的男性
子女和出生靠后的子女。
本文的研究为中国农村家庭因教育产生的预防性储蓄动机提供了实证证据,
也在一定程度上丰富了关于中国农村家庭储蓄的研究。同时,也为探索中国教育中
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重庆大学硕士学位论文
存在的性别不平等、多子女家庭中资源分配不平等提供了另一种可能的视角。本文
可能的边际贡献在于,其一,揭示了农村家庭因对子女教育期望而进行预防性储蓄
的内在动因;其二,发现了农村家庭为教育进行预防性储蓄的组间差异并提供了经
验证据;其三,揭示了农村家庭给予子女的人力资本投资决策因子女性别、出生次
序不同而存在的差异。
最后,本文的研究或许能对政府部门关于刺激居民消费、缩小收入差距、促进
性别平等、推动教育公平制定相关政策有一定启示。
关键词:教育期望;家庭储蓄;预防性储蓄;性别偏好;乡村教育
英文摘要
Abstract
This paper focuses on educational expectations from parents to the children and
household savings in Chinese rural families.With the continuous development of social
economy,rural families,like urban families,have high-level educational expectations for
their children.Based on the literature,this paper believes that there are three possible
reasons.Firstly,the development of rural education guarantees rural children to reach a
higher-level educational achievement.Secondly,the increase of return on education en-
courages rural residents to invest in their children's education.Thirdly,education is one
of the effective ways for rural residents to move to urban areas permanently.Higher edu-
cational expectations indicate that parents are willing to invest in their children's educa-
tion for a longer time.Will the uncertainty brought about by a longer period encourage
rural households to save preventively,thereby increasing the household savings?By what
mechanism?In addition,under the background of the prevailing preference for sons over
daughters in rural areas,will parents'educational expectations for their children vary ac-
cording to the gender of children?Compared with urban families,will rural families with
multiple children,who are relatively low income and face more resource constraints,have
different educational expectations for their children in different birth-order?For the above
questions,this paper combines the literature and theoretical analysis,and through the em-
pirical method to answer.
In this paper,the data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS)from 2014to 2018
is used.With control for the characteristics of individuals and families and variables of
provinces and time,regression found that:(1)The phenomenon of saving for education
exists in rural households.When parents expect their children to stay in education for
longer,the household saving rate will increase.As for the mechanism,after empirical test,
this paper suggests that when parents in rural families face longer education time for their
children in the future,family members will be encouraged to provide more labor partici-
pation,thus promoting the improvement of family income level,and raising the house-
hold savings through the path of income.In addition,the number of children in a family
can be used as a regulating mechanism for the influence of education expectations on
household savings,and rural families with multiple children are more inclined to save for
their children's education.(2)The heterogeneity analysis shows that,this effect of saving
for education is concentrated in families with children’s average age between 7and 15
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