企业内部贸易网络的测度方法研究——基于农产品国际贸
易的实证分析
Research on the measurement method of intra-firm trade
network——based on the empirical analysis of International
trade of agricultural products
S2308046
分类号密级
U D C 编号
硕士学位论文
学位论文题目：企业内部贸易网络的测度方法研究
——基于农产品国际贸易的实证分析
姓名谷殿清
学号2020211200
学院经济学院
学位类别：√学术硕士□专业硕士□同等学力
学科专业互联网经济学
指导教师刘轶芳
第二导师
提交论文日期：2023年5月10日
摘要
根据欧洲央行的研究结果，由于新冠疫情带来的供应链中断，全球贸易近三
年来收缩约25%1，这对产品进出口占比较高，对外依存度较大的企业造成较大
影响。然而值得注意的是，存在部分企业，虽然产品国际贸易程度较高，但对其
经济的冲击的影响并不显著。经分析发现，此类企业的国际贸易流动与其本身跨
国集团即定义的内部贸易网络化程度较高。这一现象引起了学术界学者们的关注，
也引发了一定范围内针对企业贸易网络方式的探讨。因此本文通过构建企业内部
贸易网络数据库，探究企业内部贸易网络在提升产业链韧性、应对外生冲击时的
机制与作用。
本文基于跨国公司内部贸易的相关理论，在基本理论层面阐释企业构建内部
贸易网络的动机和优势，在此基础上本文尝试界定企业内部贸易网络的内涵，并
基于企业内部贸易网络的定义进一步提出企业内部贸易网络的三个维度特征的
测度指标。利用美国、巴西、印度、厄瓜多尔、巴拉圭、巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡等
七个国家，2018-2022年的农产品进出口贸易数据测算出农产品跨国公司的企业
内部贸易网络的各项特征性指标。再通过与Compustat 数据库匹配获取企业内部
贸易网络中母公司的财务指标，Compustat 数据库是美国著名的信用评级公司标
准普尔旗下产品，数据库收录有全球80多个国家中的5万多家上市公司及北美
地区公司的资料。最后实证检验企业内部贸易网络程度影响企业抵御冲击的韧性
的能力，并以此提出企业内部贸易网络模式的选择以及调整方向的相关建议。
通过实证分析得出：第一，企业内部贸易网络能够帮助企业有效应对外部冲
击，更有效抵御企业经营风险冲击；企业内部贸易网络水平越发达，企业应对外
部冲击的能力就越强。第二，企业内部贸易网络的三个特征测度指标中网络密度
对提升企业韧性的贡献最强。在根据企业内贸易的频次进行分组后，结果显示贸
易频次较高的企业内贸易网络对企业韧性的较大。第三，通过改变被解释变量和
缩减样本容量添加固定效应，本文验证了企业内部贸易网络提升企业的抗冲击能
力结论的稳健性。第四，在企业内部贸易网络提升企业韧性的原理方面本文得出，
一方面企业内部贸易网络通过降低企业的交易成本提高企业经营效益从而提升
企业的抗外部冲击能力；另一方面企业内部贸易网络可以帮助企业减少商品滞销
及存货积压提升企业存货周转率从而提升企业运营效率。最后，文章针对我国企
1资料来源：欧洲央行报告分析新冠疫情对全球贸易影响，中华人民共和国商务部，[2022/08/03]，
http://eu.mofcom.gov/article/jmxw/202008/20200802989073.shtml
II
业如何建立自身的企业贸易网络给出了建议，并提出我国跨国公司内部贸易网络
的建立及其效率提高的相关建议。
关键词：贸易网络企业内部贸易农产品贸易
III
ABSTRACT
According to the research results of the European Central Bank,due to the
interruption of the supply chain caused by the new crown epidemic,global trade has
shrunk by about 25%in the past three years.However,it is worth noting that there are
some enterprises,although the degree of international trade of products is relatively
high,but the impact on their economy is not significant.After analysis,it is found that
the international trade flow of such enterprises is highly networked with the internal
trade network defined by their own multinational groups.This phenomenon has
attracted the attention of scholars in the academic circles,and has also triggered a
certain range of discussions on the way of enterprise trade networks.Therefore,by
constructing an enterprise internal trade network database,this paper explores the
mechanism and role of the enterprise internal trade network in improving the
resilience of the industrial chain and coping with exogenous shocks.
Based on the relevant theories of the internal trade of multinational corporations,
this paper explains the motives and advantages of enterprises to build internal trade
networks at the basic theoretical level.On this basis,this paper attempts to define the
connotation of the enterprise's internal trade network,and further proposes the
measurement indicators of the three-dimensional characteristics of the enterprise's
internal trade network based on the definition of the enterprise's internal trade
network.Using the import and export trade data of agricultural products from seven
countries including the United States,Brazil,India,Ecuador,Paraguay,Pakistan,and
Sri Lanka from 2018to 2022,the characteristic indicators of the internal trade
network of agricultural multinational companies are calculated.And then obtain the
financial indicators of the parent company in the enterprise's internal trade network by
matching with the Compustat database.The Compustat database is a product of
Standard &Poor's,a well-known credit rating company in the United States.The
database contains information on more than 50,000listed companies and North
American companies in more than 80countries around the world.Finally,it is
empirically tested that the degree of the internal trade network of the enterprise affects
the resilience of the enterprise to withstand shocks,and based on this,it puts forward
relevant suggestions for the choice of the internal trade network model and the
adjustment direction of the enterprise.
Through empirical analysis,it is concluded that:first,the internal trade network
of enterprises can help enterprises effectively cope with external shocks and more
effectively resist the impact of business risks;the more developed the internal trade
network of enterprises,the stronger the ability of enterprises to cope with external
shocks.Second,among the three characteristic measures of the internal trade network
of enterprises,network density has the strongest contribution to the improvement of
enterprise resilience.After grouping according to the frequency of intra-firm trade,the
results show that intra-firm trade networks with higher trade frequency have greater
resilience to firms.Third,by changing the explained variable and reducing the sample
size to add fixed effects,this paper verifies the robustness of the conclusion that the
internal trade network of the enterprise improves the firm's ability to resist shocks.
IV