摘要
随着中国经济进入新常态,新一轮的电力改革步伐也在紧锣密鼓地进行,电
力行业也进入了一种新常态。国内环保的呼声越来越响亮,对于发电企业而言,
传统的以化石原料为主的火电企业在发电行业的比重也在不断地缩小,核电、水
电、太阳能、风能等清洁能源的占比越来越大,现阶段,对于火电企业的生存和
发展面临严峻考验,如何在困境中生存下去,是目前火电企业非常关注的现实问
题

H火电企业在菏泽地区是建设较早的一个发电企业,由于前期投产机组的排
放水平比较落后,近几年国家环保政策力度不断增大,H火电企业在烟气排放方
面压力重重。从企业自身方面来说,2016年底企业已经出现了亏损,进入2017年,
企业亏损的状态并没有改观,随着煤炭市场的价格不断攀升,但售电侧并未放开,
企业利润进一步被压缩,在经营方面,生产侧成本的不断提升,经营侧销售价格
的限制,双重的压力导致现阶段H火电企业的被动局面。因此对于企业自身来说,
现阶段如何谋求发展,如何更好扩大企业经营利润是当前企业所需要解决的问题

通过对菏泽地区供热的调研,得出当地集中供热基本满足现有供热需求,近
几年城市化发展较为迅速,现有机组的热负荷己经跟不上热负荷的增长需求。从
菏泽地区的中长期供热规划可以看出,未来菏泽市对热负荷的需求量会成倍增加,
随着城市工业的迅速发展,居住面积的不断扩大,供热市场将会是一片蓝海,对
于H火电企业来说,供热方面将会带来开拓市场扩大经营的机遇

针对当前企业当前所面临的问题,通过成本领先理论进行分析,得出了热电
联产的可行性,并借鉴国内其他同类型的改造相关数据分析方法,对H火电企业
一期和二期的单台机组进行供热改造后的供热以及供电进行了综合效益分析,通
过财务数据对比对经营效果进行了验证。最终的联产数据证明了选择热电联产的
生产方式一方面是符合了国家节能减排的要求,解决了企业生产的环保排放达标
问题;另一方面,从生产成本上说,热电联产后对生产过程的副产品进行了合理
利用,对于企业经营来说,降低了企业的生产成本,增加了企业的利润空间

在中国进入新常态和国企改革的背景下,本文的研宄内容具有鲜明的现实意
义。在企业层面上,对H火电企业如何降低生产成本、选择合适的生产模式;在
行业层面上,研宄成果对同类型的火电企业的生产模式选择起到了一个很好的参
考作用,也为同类型的300MW火电机组在面对企业生存与发展时提供了借鉴作用,
I 在国企改革方面,对于现阶段具有代表性的国企生产单位,如何在转型阶段选择
业务的管理创新拓展生存空间提供了具体案例参考

关键词:成本领先战略热电联产生产模式
II Abstract
With China&39;s economy into the new normal, a new round of electricity reform is
also in fiill swing, the power industry has entered a new normal. Domestic
environmental protection is more and more loud, for power companies, the proportion
of traditional fossil raw materials for thermal power enterprises in the power generation
industry is also shrinking, clean energy, nuclear power and hydropower, solar energy
and wind energy accounted for more than ever at this stage, for the survival and
development of fire power enterprises are facing a severe test small units, with the
elimination of environmental pressures continue to increase, the unit capacity is
relatively backward, the production cost is high, the domestic 300MW thermal power
plant to the electric power system reform in the teeth of the storm.
H thermal power enterprise is the construction of a power plant earlier in the Heze
area, mainly in the face of power generation in Heze area, heating bear Heze city and
Dingtao County of the most concentrated heating, due to the early production unit
emission level is relatively backward, increasing in recent years, the state environmental
protection policy, H thermal power enterprises in energy saving and emission reduction
heavy pressure. From the aspects of their own, by the end of 2016 enterprises have
suffered losses, in 2017, the loss of business status has not changed, with the coal
market prices continue to rise, the sale side did not let go, the profit of enterprise is
further compressed, in operation, the production side of the business side of the sales
price rising, limited the double pressure leads to the passive situation of current H
power enterprises. Therefore, for the enterprise itself, at this stage how to seek
development, how to better expand the operating profit is the current business needs to
solve the problem.
Through the investigation of Heze district heating, the local heating basically meet
the existing heating demand in recent years, the development of city is very fast, can not
keep up with the increasing demand of heat load heat load of the existing units. From
the Heze area in the long-term heating plan can be seen on the heat load demand of
Heze city in the future will be doubled, with the rapid development of the city industry,
living area continues to expand, the heating market will be a blue ocean, for H thermal
III power enterprises, heating will lead to open up the market to expand business
opportunities.
In view of the current enterprise facing the problem, through the cost leadership
theory is analyzed, the feasibility of cogeneration, and from the transformation of
domestic and other types of data analysis method of H thermal power enterprises and
two single units for heating after the transformation of heating and power supply to
conduct a comprehensive benefit analysis through the financial data comparison of
operating results were verified. And the final data proved that choosing a cogeneration
mode of production is in line with the national energy-saving emission reduction
requirements, solve the production problems of environmental emission standards; on
the other hand, from the production cost, cogeneration after a by-product of the
production process of reasonable use, for enterprise management, reduce the the
production cost of enterprises, increase the profit space of the enterprise.
Under the new normal and state-owned enterprise reform, the research content of
this paper is of great practical significance. The first is the overall cost leadership theory
as the starting point, the H thermal power enterprises how to reduce production costs,
select the appropriate mode of production; choice of mode of production of the same
type of thermal power enterprise^ second research results play a very good reference,
but also reference to the same type of 300MW motor was provided in the fire in the face
of the survival and development of enterprises, and the development direction for the
stage after the reform of state-owned enterprises related enterprises also played a certain
reference.
KeywordsrCost leadership strategy, combined heat and power, Production mode
IV 目录
m ^ I
Abstract Ill
第1章引言 1
1.1研究的背景及问题提出1.2国内外研宄1.2.1国外研宂动态1.2.2国内研究动态1.3研究目的及意义1_3.1 研究 _1.3.2研宄意义1.4研究思路与方法1.4.1研究思路1.4.2研宄方法1.5本文创新之处第2章成本领先理论2.1成本领先理论2.2有形关联理论2.3多元化生产第3章H火电企业经营现状3.1H火电企业经营现状3.2 H火电企业经营面临问题3.2.1机组的全年利用小时数下降3.2.2电煤价格升高3.2.3环保压力不断加大3.2.4国家政策影响
21
3.2.5企业发展受阻
22
第4章H火电企业热电联产策略选择分析
25
v 4.1菏泽市供热现状
25
4.1.1热源方面
25
4.1.2热网方面
27
4.1.3集中采暖
28
4.1.4工业用汽
28
4.2菏泽市供热规划
30
4.2.1集中采暖规划
30
4.2.2工业用汽规划
33
4.3联产经营模式的必要性
33
第5章基于成本领先策略理论的热电改造效果分析
35
5.1热电联产(关联与多元化生产)效果分析
35
5.1.1热电联产成本领先策略必要条件分析
35
5.1.2H火电企业热电联产生产的低成本竞争优势分析
36
5.2降低煤耗成本的检验
36
5.3预期收益分析
37
5.3.1收益计算方法
37
5.3.2效益计算
39
5.3.3投资收益分析
44
第6章风险及实施控制
45
6.1实施成本战略热电改造面临的风险与应对措施
45
6.2成本领先战略的实施与建议
46
第7章结论与展望
49
7.1主要结论
49
7.2不足与展望
50
参考文献 .....51
附表 55
致谢 59
攻读学位期间研究成果
61
VI 第1章引言
第1章引言
1.1研究的背景及问题提出
我国经济发展已进入新常态,火力发电行业的发展同样呈现出新常态特征,
电力工业的新常态、市场政策的新变化给企业生产经营带来严峻挑战,2017年火
电企业的经营状况将迎来新的“拐点”,面对不断变化的外部市场,如何选择一
种合理的生产模式,提升自身的竞争力,扩大企业经营利润,是目前H火电企业
迫切解决的问题。目前基于当前火电企业生产经营所面临的约束限制和威胁挑战
主要表现在以下几个方面:
(1)法规约束
节能减排要求越来越高,全国范围内开始实施了火电机组的超低排放和节能
改造工作,要求东部地区2017年前所有现役电厂平均煤耗低于310克/千瓦时11],
二期机组按期达标困难很大。2017年公司六台机组全部实现超低排放后,降低煤
耗工作困难更大。此外,随着国家严重污染环境行为入刑严厉政策、《污染物排
放许可实施方案》[2]制度实施以及《水污染防治行动计划》[3]的颁布,环保监管单
位对各种污染物排放的监控力度越来越大。菏泽地区纳入京津冀环保控制区通道,
同步响应应急预案,环保形势愈加严峻

(2)煤电调控
电力市场需求低迷和产能过剩并存。国家进一步加大煤电发展调控力度,近
期国家能源局己经下发各省“十三五”煤电项目停建缓建清
。。。以上简介无排版格式，详细内容请下载查看