近年来，政府部门环保力度加大，环保要求日益严格，小型火电厂被迫关停或淘 汰落后产能，生产经营受到严重制约。作为小型热电企业的TSWP热电厂面临着前所 未有的生产经营困难，生存环境更加严峻，必须通过不断提高生产效率，来实现节能 降耗，促进生产运营的优化，满足环保要求，获得更高的经济利润以及社会效益。 TSWP热电厂所处的滦南县，工业迅速发展，集中供热不断推行，这些都对TSWP 热电厂提出了更高的热电供应需求。而TSWP热电厂当前的生产运行效率欠佳，对自 己的需求和供应状况也缺少必要的预测和测算。 因此本文首先在对滦南县热电负荷现状研究的基础上，对滦南县的热电需求进行 了预测。同时根据TSWP热电厂历年的供热、供电量，以及热力市场发展状况，发电 指标的争取情况，对TSWP热电厂未来几年的热电供应能力进行了测算，基于此，提 出了几种不同的机组匹配运行方案，并根据不同应用情境选择了最优的方案，除此之 外，还提出了其它一些优化措施。为同类电厂的此类问题提供借鉴、参考。 关键词：机组匹配；热电联产；生产运营优化 II Abstract In recent years, the government has strengthened the environmental protection efforts with increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements, some small thermal power plants have been closed or the backward production capacity have been eliminated, the production and operation of small thermal power enterprises has been restricted seriously. Small heat and power plants, such as TSWP heat & power plant, are facing unprecedented production and operation difficulties, and the living conditions are more severe, therefore, it is necessary to improve production efficiency constantly, realize energy saving and consumption reduction, promote the optimization of production and operation, meet environmental protection requirements, and obtain higher economic profits and social benefits. In Luannan county, where TSWP heat & power plant is located, rapid industrial development and continuous implementation of central heating have put forward more demand for thermal power supply for TSWP heat & power plant. At present, the production and operation efficiency of TSWP heat & power plant is not good, and lack the necessary forecasts and estimates of its own demand and supply. Therefore, based on the current research of heat and power load in Luannan county, this paper first predicted the heat and power demand in Luannan county. At the same time, according to the annual heating and power supply of TSWP heat & power plant, as well as the development status of heat market and the striving for power generation quato, the heat and power supply capacity of TSWP heat & power plant in the next few years is estimated and calculated, based on this, several different matching schemes operation of the units are proposed, and the optimal scheme is selected according to different application situations, in addition, some other optimization measures are proposed. It provides reference for similar power plant. Key words: units matching; CHP(Cogeneration, combined heat and power); production and operation optimization III 目 录 第一章 绪论 .................................................................................................................... - 1 - 1.1 课题背景和意义 ......................................................................................................... - 1 - 1.2 热电联产发展现状 ..................................................................................................... - 2 - 1.3 本文主要研究方法 ..................................................................................................... - 3 - 1.4 本文主要研究的内容 ................................................................................................. - 4 - 第二章 TSWP热电厂生产运营现状分析 ....................................................................... - 7 - 2.1 TSWP热电厂现状 ...................................................................................................... - 7 - 2.2 TSWP热电厂运营问题 .............................................................................................. - 8 - 2.3 本章小结 ................................................................................................................... - 10 - 第三章 热电负荷现状 .................................................................................................. - 11 - 3.1 滦南县热负荷现状 ................................................................................................... - 11 - 3.1.1 居民采暖热负荷现状 ..................................................................................... - 11 - 3.1.2 工业热负荷现状 ............................................................................................. - 12 - 3.2 热源现状 ................................................................................................................... - 14 - 3.3 热网现状 ................................................................................................................... - 15 - 3.4 供热管理 ................................................................................................................... - 16 - 3.5 电网现状 ................................................................................................................... - 16 - 3.6 本章小结 ................................................................................................................... - 17 - 第四章 热电需求预测及TSWP热电厂供应测算 ........................................................ - 19 - 4.1 滦南县热需求预测 ................................................................................................... - 19 - 4.1.1 集中采暖热负荷 ............................................................................................. - 19 - 4.1.3 工业热负荷 ..................................................................................................... - 21 - 4.2 电力发展空间预测 ................................................................................................... - 24 - 4.2.1 电力需求预测 ................................................................................................. - 24 - 4.2.2 电源规划 ......................................................................................................... - 25 - 4.2.3 电力平衡 ......................................................................................................... - 27 - 4.3 TSWP热电厂热电供应能力测算 ............................................................................ - 29 - 4.3.1 TSWP热电厂电量统计 .................................................................................. - 29 - 4.3.2 TSWP热电厂电量测算 .................................................................................. - 30 - IV 4.3.3 热电需求与供应比对 ..................................................................................... - 31 - 4.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................... - 32 - 第五章 TSWP热电厂生产运营优化研究 ..................................................................... - 33 - 5.1 抽凝机组、背压机组匹配优化 ............................................................................... - 33 - 5.1.1 TSWP热电厂机组特性 .................................................................................. - 33 - 5.1.2机组匹配优化研究 .......................................................................................... - 34 - 5.2其它优化措施 ............................................................................................................ - 43 - 5.2.1 煤炭成本降低措施 ......................................................................................... - 43 - 5.2.2 检修成本降低措施 ......................................................................................... - 43 - 5.2.3 人力资源管理优化 ......................................................................................... - 44 - 5.2.4 开展水资源综合利用研究 ............................................................................. - 44 - 5.3 本章小结 ......................................................................