摘要
旅游活动不仅会给地方经济带来高效益，同时也会对其生态环境造成压力，
更甚者会制约经济的发展，因而可持续旅游发展受到广泛重视。然而针对旅游业
效率评估的研究在此前大都忽略了环境压力这一现实因素，我们无法精确得知环
境与经济发展之间存在着怎样的一种关系。因此，本文基于碳足迹的测算对新疆
各地、州、市进行了旅游效率测度及评估，从而使在环境约束条件下的旅游效率
更具科学及合理性

本文基于 DEA 的 Malmquist 指数法研究了 2005-2014 年间新疆各地、州、
市在碳足迹约束下的全要素生产率变动状况。文章利用数据包络分析法，使用传
统旅游效率测算指标并加入旅游交通碳排放指标，构建出低碳旅游效率模型进行
测算

通过时间及空间的维度对比分析传统及绿色效率，而后对全要素生产率进行
分解分析后发现：
（1）不论是否在碳排放约束条件下，新疆旅游全要素生产率增长的主要动
力来源为技术进步；
（2）碳排放约束下的旅游效率大部分地区出现下降，意味着新疆的旅游效
率的提高应在碳减排方面做出努力；
（3）加入环境因素后的南、北疆旅游效率差异减小，反映了碳排放对北疆
效率的提高有较大的约束力，南疆所受影响较小的可能的原因为旅游业发展迟缓；
（4）综合技术效率在整个考察期内呈上升趋势，且集中在北疆地区，意味
着技术效率的扩散并不到位；
关键词:碳足迹;旅游效率;新疆新疆大学硕士学位论文
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Abstract
Tourism activities will not only bring high efficiency to the local economy, but
also put the pressure on its ecological environment, and even restrict the economic
development, thus sustainable tourism development has been widely attention.
However, the study of tourism efficiency assessment has largely ignored the real
factors of environmental stress, so we can not accurately know the relationship
between environment and economic development. Therefore, this paper makes a
measure and evaluation of tourism efficiency based on the calculation of carbon
footprint, so that tourism efficiency under the environmental constraints is more
scientific and reasonable.
In this paper, the Malmquist index method based on DEA is used to study the
change of total factor productivity in Xinjiang under the carbon footprint constraints
from 2005 to 2014. This paper uses the data envelopment analysis method, uses the
traditional tourism efficiency measurement index and joins the tourism traffic carbon
emission index, constructs the low carbon tourism efficiency model to carry on the
computation analysis. Through compare the traditional and green efficiency analysis
in the dimension of time and space, and the decomposition of the total factor
productivity, found that:
(1) whether or not under the constraints of carbon emissions, the main reason of
Xinjiang tourism total factor productivity growth is technological progress ;
(2) Most areas tourism efficiency decline under the carbon constraints, means
that the efforts to improve tourism efficiency in Xinjiang should be made through
carbon emission reduction ;
(3) Narrowing the distance between north and south of Xinjiang in tourism
efficiency after adding the environmental factors which reflecting that there is a lot of
constraint in the improvement of carbon efficiency for tourism in the North, The less
likely to be affected in the south is the reason that regional tourism development is
more slowly;
(4) comprehensive technical efficiency had an upward trend throughout the study新疆大学硕士学位论文
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period, and concentrated in the northern region, reflecting the spread of technology is
not good enough;
Key words: carbon footprint; tourism efficiency; Xinjiang新疆大学硕士学位论文
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目 录
摘要... I
AbstractII
一、绪论...........1
（一）选题背景...1
（二）研究目的及意义...2
1、研究目的.2
2、研究意义.2
（三）研究内容与方法...3
1、研究内容.3
2、研究方法.3
二、相关理论及文献综述.......5
（一）相关理论...5
1、经济增长理论.....5
2、低碳经济理论.....5
3、全要素生产率理论.........6
4、全要素生产率的测度方法.........7
（二）文献综述...9
1、低碳旅游研究现状.........9
2、旅游全要素生产率研究现状...11
3、环境约束下旅游业效率研究现状.......12
三、全要素生产率及碳足迹的测算.15
（一）全要素生产率及其模型分解.....15
1、Malmquist 指数15
2、全要素生产率指数的分解.......16
3、Malmquist 生产率指数的解法17
（二）碳足迹指标数据的测算与分析.18
1、碳足迹指标数据的获取...........18
2、各地州旅游交通碳排放分析...19新疆大学硕士学位论文
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四、新疆旅游业效率分析与评价.....22
（一）变量选取及数据处理.....22
1、变量选取...........22
2、指标说明...........23
3、数据处理...........25
（二）新疆各地区全要素生产率分析.25
1、各地区无碳排放约束下的全要素生产率分析...........25
2、各地区碳排放约束下的全要素生产率分析...28
（三）新疆各地区全要素生产率分解.30
1、新疆全要素生产率分解的时间特征...30
2、新疆全要素生产率分解的空间特征...31
五、新疆旅游业效率影响因素分析.37
（一）地区经济发展水平.........37
（二）资源禀赋.37
（三）旅游投资力度.....38
（四）地区旅游发展制度.........38
（五）劳动力投入....
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