摘要
摘要
交货期管理是对外贸易公司运营管理的重要内容之一。目前面临新冠肺炎
的全球大爆发背景下，国际经济形势低迷，众多国外采购商销售情况很差或有
些企业面临倒闭；国内的市场环境因疫情影响处于半停滞状态，加上人民币对
美元升值，在变化多端的国际形势下，中国正处于崛起的高速发展阶段，然而
在国际舞台上处处受美国霸权主义的种种打压。国内劳动力工资不断上涨，原
材料价格猛增。全球经济一体化带来经济的快速发展，但同时也给贸易和加工
业带来更强的竞争压力。另外客户对产品质量、价格的要求更加严格，以前企
业之间的竞争主要是成本竞争，然而面对越来越激烈的竞争，交货时间被客户
更加重视。如今越来越低的成本竞争，更多的供货企业之间在产品质量上差异
不大的情况下，有更好的交货期的竞争力就会给企业带来更好的优势。
本文研究的重点是以 W外贸公司为主体，其因为交货期延误的问题频频发
生，从而导致索赔、客户丢失、信用降级等一系列的问题。而交货期的延误原
因又时常出现在客户端、贸易公司、生产企业，贯穿于整个贸易链条当中，任
何的一个环节发生问题就会衍射到其他的相关环节，因为整个贸易链条是相辅
相成和相互制约的。基于对现有交货期管理的研究成果和文献进行总结分析，
结合 W公司的实际案例和个人多年的就业经验，来研究如何优化交货期的管理。
交货期管理包含采购、生产和销售和库存等多个环节，根据不同产品和生产时
期制定科学系统的管理过程和办法。设立准时制的生产系统，运用精益生产理
论，通过对时间的控制和管理进行交货期的管理优化。再通过对交货周期的压
缩，建立供应链的柔性，缩短交货周期、规避交货期延误，快速响应客户需求。
企业间竞争随着时间的推移，成本、质量的竞争对于加工业来说已经不是唯一
的重点，供应延迟交货已经成为一个常见的问题。怎么样有效地进行交货期管
理，优化、缩短生产周期就变得尤其重要。
首先根据导论说明研究交货期管理的背景和它的意义，归纳文中的研究方
法和对象，依托国内外文献综述分析交货期管理优化的现状为本研究的出发点。
其次，对交货期管理理论基础的阐述，主体理论作为交期优化理论，将它贯穿
于整个论述体系当中。再次，依据公司案例分析设计如何优化交货期并进行有
效可行性的研究。在此基础上对 W外贸公司案例的研究，验证相关理论在实践
I
摘要
当中的指导作用和意义，并为其他对外贸易公司提供一些有益的参考。最后，
得出研究结论以 W外贸公司具体案例为基础从外贸公司的客户、外贸公司本身
进行合理订单安排，科学的交货期管理，对外贸公司对应的供应商将订单交期
进行量的界定，分析各个时间段在订单周期所分布的时间状况，针对不同的时
间采用不同的方式进行处理以压缩整个订单的交期，由此达到优化交货期管理
规避交期延误的效果。管理优化实施后，交货期延误减少，市场竞争力加强，
避免因交货期延误而产生的赔款和损失，优化并提升企业市场信誉，使得 W外
贸公司能够在疫情如此严重的情况下能够维持平稳发展。
关键词：交货期管理；交货期压缩；交货期优化
II
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Delivery time management is one of the important contents of the operation and
management of foreign trade companies. In the background of the global outbreak of
COVID-19, the international economic situation is depressed, many foreign buyers
have poor salesor some enterprisesare going bankrupt; thedomestic market
environment is semi-stagnant due to the epidemic, and the appreciation of the RMB
against the dollar, China is in the changing international situation, but is suppressed
by American hegemonism on the international stage. Domestic labor wages are
rising, and raw material prices are soaring. Global economic integration has brought
about rapid economic development, but it has also brought stronger competitive
pressure to trade and processing industry. In addition, customers have more strict
requirements on product quality and price. In the past, the competition between
enterprises was mainly the cost competition. However, in the face of more and more
fierce competition, the delivery time is more valued by customers. Nowadays, with
lower and lower cost competition, and when more suppliers have little difference in
product quality, having better competitiveness in delivery time will bring better
advantages to enterprises.
The focus of this paper is W foreign trade company as the main body, and the
delay of delivery delay occurs frequently, which leads to a series of problems such as
claim, customer loss, credit downgrade. The reason for the delay of delivery time
often appears in the client, the trading company itself and the production enterprises,
throughout the whole trade chain, any link problems will diffraction to other related
links, because the whole trade chain is complementary and mutually restricted.
Based on the summary and analysis of the research results and literature of the
existing delivery time management, combined with the actual cases of W company
and personalyears ofemployment experience, tostudy howto optimize the
management of the delivery time. Delivery time management includes procurement,
production and sales and inventory and other links, and formulates scientific and
systematic management processes and methods according to different products and
III