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论文作者:
2023年 01月 05日
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2023年 01月 05日
Y房地产公司财务困境研究
摘要
随着经济全球化步伐的加快,国内资本市场不断完善,企业在激烈地竞争环
境中遇到的不确定因素越来越多,面临财务风险的概率也增加。2020年以来在激
烈市场竞争与疫情的双重作用下,超过46万家企业宣布破产,其中房地产企业破
产数量超过470家。据统计,2020年国内资本市场上陷入财务困境中的上市公司
已突破160家,占比3.92%,同比上升0.50%。而企业一旦陷入财务困境,轻者影
响企业的销售业绩,重者则会使企业面临破产风险,让投资者血本无归。在此背
景下,本文以及时脱离财务困境为目的,针对企业财务困境问题进行研究。
首先,本文以Y房地产公司为研究对象,运用纵向分析法对其资产负债表、
利润表以及现金流量表进行了分析,发现Y房地产公司货币资金呈直线式下降,
负债总额增长过快,连续两年处于亏损状态并且经营活动产生的现金流量不足以
维持企业的日常活动等现象。再结合笔者对国内外研究文献的梳理,发现Y房地
产公司陷入财务困境中。针对这一问题,本文运用现金流量理论、通过比较分析
法对Y房地产的现金流量、营运资金进行分析;运用比较分析法对Y房地产公司
的偿债能力、盈利能力和营运能力进行分析;运用Z计分模型对Y房地产公司进
行财务预警分析;发现其财务困境主要表现在:现金流量短缺,营运资金缺口大;
负债比率高,偿债能力不足;连续两年亏损,盈利能力欠佳;资产流转速度慢,
营运能力下降;财务预警指标发出预警。其次,针对Y房地产公司陷入财务困境
的原因,运用委托代理理论、资本结构理论、内部控制理论,通过文献研究法、
案例分析法,从外部和内部两个维度进行了分析。外部原因包括:国家宏观经济
环境和房地产行业因素影响。内部原因包括:高速扩张,盲目收购;资本结构和治
理结构不合理以及财务管理水平较低。最后,提出了改善建议,包括:积极寻求
政府的纾困支持;规范投资决策程序,剥离亏损子公司;优化公司资本结构;完
善公司治理结构和提高企业财务管理水平。
本文通过对Y房地产公司陷入财务困境后如何才能自救的过程进行研究,总
结出财务困境并非绝境,只要仔细研究企业自身状况,找出陷入财务困境的原因,
找到相应的解决措施,积极改善,企业就可以摆脱困境,避免走向破产。希望本
文对Y房地产公司财务困境的研究,能为其及时脱困助一臂之力。同时,希望处
于财务困境中的上市公司能够尽快探究出自救之路,尽早摆脱财务困境的困扰。
关键词:财务困境;Y房地产公司;财务预警
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of economic globalization and the continuous improvement
of the domestic capital market, enterprises encounter more and more uncertain factors in
the fierce competition environment, and the probability of facing financial risks also
increases. Since 2020, due to the combination of fierce market competition and the
epidemic, more than 460,000 enterprises have declared bankruptcy, including more than
470 real estate enterprises. According to statistics, in 2020, the number of listed
companies in financial distress in the domestic capital market has exceeded 160,
accounting for 3.92%, up 0.50% year on year. Once an enterprise is in financial distress,
it will affect the sales performance of the enterprise, and it will make the enterprise face
the risk of bankruptcy, so that investors lose all their money. In this context, this paper
aims to get out of financial distress in time, and studies the financial distress of
enterprises.
First of all, this paper takes Y real Estate Company as the research object and
analyzes its balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement by means of
longitudinal analysis. It finds that Y real Estate Company's monetary capital drops
linearly, its total liabilities grow too fast, it is in the state of loss for two consecutive
years, and the cash flow generated by business activities is not enough to maintain its
daily activities and other phenomena. Combined with the author's review of domestic
and foreign research literature, it is found that Y Real Estate Company is in financial
difficulties. To solve this problem, this paper uses the cash flow theory and comparative
analysis method to analyze the cash flow and working capital of Y real estate. The
comparative analysis method is used to analyze the solvency, profitability and operation
capacity of Y real Estate Company. Z-score model is used to analyze the financial early
warning of Y real estate Company. It is found that its financial difficulties are mainly
manifested in: cash flow shortage, working capital gap; High debt ratio and insufficient
solvency; Two consecutive years of losses, profitability is poor; The speed of asset
circulation is slow and the operating capacity is decreased; Financial early warning
indicators give early warning. Secondly, aiming at the reasons why Y real Estate
Company is in financial distress, this paper uses the principal-agent theory, capital
structure theory, internal control theory, literature research method and case analysis