摘要
当前，“双创”精神处于积极倡导阶段，面对动态复杂的创业环境，个体的
创业动力不足导致创业热情下降，创业活动减少。创业意愿作为创业活动的开端，
对创业行为的产生具有重要作用。瞬息万变的国内外形势，阻碍了潜在创业者前
进的步伐，加强创业内在动力显得尤为重要。在此基础上，本研究基于自我效能
感理论和三元交互理论，引入创业自我效能感，构建以创业风险感知和企业家精
神为主的影响模型探索创业意愿的的认知过程，以期打开创业自我效能感和创业
意愿之间存在的“黑箱”。
首先，本研究系统梳理国内外创业意愿相关文献。其次，基于自我效能感理
论和三元交互理论，选取创业自我效能感作为创业意愿的远端变量，创业风险感
知作为创业意愿的近端变量，提出研究假设并建立理论模型。最后设计调查问卷，
收集、处理数据进行实证分析，得出以下结论：（1）创业自我效能感（管理效
能感、风险容忍效能感、机会识别效能感和关系效能感）对激发个体的创业意愿
具有显著的促进作用；（2）创业风险感知在创业自我效能感（管理效能感、风
险容忍效能感、机会识别效能感和关系效能感）影响创业意愿的过程中发挥中介
作用；（3）企业家精神在创业自我效能感（管理效能感、风险容忍效能感、机
会识别效能感和关系效能感）影响创业风险感知的过程中发挥调节作用。
因此，在实践中，可以从提升创业自我效能感、进行风险管理以及自主培育
企业家精神等方面入手，有效激发个体的创业意愿，进而增加个体的创业行为。
（1）个体可以通过不断学习创业知识和技能、重视榜样的力量以及树立理想和
远大的目标来不断提升创业自我效能感和创业能力，强化创业导向；（2）通过
加强对自我的认可和容许创业阶段的认知偏差，丰富创业经验、学习创业理论知
识，拓展创业网络、整合创业资源进行风险管理，成长为具有内在动力的潜在创
业者；（3）自主探索培育企业家精神的培育方法，增强自身的心理素质和文化
素质，培养具有企业家精神特征的行为偏好和道德品质，提高创业意愿的转化率。
关键词：创业意愿；创业自我效能感；创业风险感知；企业家精神
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ABSTRACT
At present, the "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" spirit is in the stage of
active advocacy. Facing the dynamic and complex entrepreneurial environment, the
lack of entrepreneurial motivation of individuals leads to a decline in entrepreneurial
enthusiasm andentrepreneurial activities. Asthe beginning ofentrepreneurial
activities,entrepreneurshipplaysanimportantroleintheemergenceof
entrepreneurial behavior. The rapidly changing domestic and international situation
has hindered the progress of potential entrepreneurs, so it is particularly important to
strengthen the internal motivation of entrepreneurship. On this basis, based on
self-efficacytheoryandternaryinteractiontheory,thisstudyintroduces
entrepreneurialself-efficacy andconstructsaninfluencemodel focusingon
entrepreneurial risk perception and entrepreneurship to explore the cognitive process
of entrepreneurship, in order to open the"black box" between entrepreneurial
self-efficacy and entrepreneurship.
Firstofall,this studysystematicallycombstheliteraturerelatedto
entrepreneurship at home and abroad. Secondly, based on the self-efficacy theory and
the three-way interaction theory, entrepreneurial self-efficacy was selected as the
distal variable of entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurial risk perception as the proximal
variable ofentrepreneurship. Theresearch hypothesiswas proposedand the
theoretical model was established. Finally, a questionnaire was designed to collect and
process data for empirical analysis, and the following conclusions were drawn :(1)
entrepreneurial self-efficacy (managerial efficacy, risk tolerance efficacy, opportunity
identification efficacy and relationship efficacy) has a significant role in stimulating
individuals' entrepreneurship; (2) Entrepreneurial risk perception plays a mediating
role in theinfluence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (managerialefficacy, risk
tolerance efficacy, opportunity identification efficacy and relational efficacy) on
entrepreneurship; (3) Entrepreneurship plays a moderating role in the influence of
entrepreneurial self-efficacy (managerial efficacy, risk tolerance efficacy, opportunity
identification efficacy and relationship efficacy) on entrepreneurial risk perception.
Therefore, in practice, individuals' entrepreneurial willingness can be effectively
stimulatedfromthe aspectsofimprovingentrepreneurialself-efficacy,risk
management andself-cultivation ofentrepreneurship, soas toincrease their
entrepreneurial
behavior.(1)Individuals
can
continuously
improve
their
entrepreneurialself-efficacyandentrepreneurialabilityandstrengthentheir
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entrepreneurial orientation by constantly learning entrepreneurial knowledge and
skills, attaching importance to the power of role models and setting ideals and lofty
goals;(2) Grow into potential entrepreneurs with intrinsic motivation by strengthening
self-recognitionand allowingcognitivebiasesin entrepreneurship,enriching
entrepreneurial experience, learning entrepreneurial theoretical knowledge, expanding
entrepreneurial network, integrating entrepreneurial resources for risk management;
(3)Independently explore thecultivation methods tocultivate entrepreneurship,
enhance theirpsychologicalquality andcultural quality,cultivatebehavioral
preference and moral quality with entrepreneurial characteristics, and improve the
conversion rate of entrepreneurship.
Key words:Entrepreneurial willingness, Entrepreneurial self-efficacy,
Entrepreneurial risk, Entrepreneurship
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