I 摘要 创业活动现对全球各地区和国家科技的进步以及经济的发展愈加重要。特别是在 我国“大众创业，万众创新”政策的指导与支持下，全国各地的创业活动纷纷兴起， 形势一片大好。然而，由于新创企业存在高风险性、高不确定性及高资源约束性等特 点，实践表明新创企业的存活率比较低。因此，如何帮助新创企业克服“新进入者缺 陷”等先天劣势，提高其创业绩效与存活率成为了实践和学术界关切的一大问题。 基于创业认知因素对创业活动及团队绩效对新创团队存活率的重要性，创业自我 效能感与新创团队绩效关系的研究引起了学术界的较大关注。但是目前为止两者的关 系还没有达成统一的结论。越来越多学者强调重视并开始呼吁探索 创业自我效能感与 新创团队创业绩效关系的中介机制。本文意图基于社会认知理论，通过创业者激情和 创业努力解释创业自我效能感与团队创业绩效的关系以丰富现有研究的理论框架。对 现有的文献与研究进行梳理和总结，为本文构建理论模型和提出研究假设做好足够的 铺垫。为了降低共同方法偏差等对数据分析的结果造成的影响，本文在收集和整理相 关变量的成熟量表，通过预实验设计完善调查问卷之后，以广东省内某高校大学生创 业竞赛的参赛者作为研究对象分不同阶段对所需变量的数据进行收集。剔除无效问卷 后，通过选取合适的数据分析方法进行实证分析，检验本文的理论模型与研究假设。 通过SPSS20.0，本文主要的研究结论为：（1）创业自我效能感与团队创业绩效的 关系为显著正相关；（2）创业者激情在创业自我效能感与团队绩效关系之间起中介作 用；（3）创业努力在创业自我效能感与团队绩效关系之间起中介作用；（4）创业自我 效能感与团队创业绩效的关系受到创业者激情与创业努力的双重中介作用。 基于实证分析结果和结论，本文通过创业者激情和创业努力的中介机制进一步打 开了创业自我效能感与新创团队创业绩效关系的黑箱，丰富了现有的理论框架；而研 究创建前期团队绩效的影响因素与机制能帮助提高新创企业的绩效及存活率，具有一 定的现实意义。最后，通过指出研究存有的不足，对创业管理的研究提出未来展望。 关键词：社会认知理论；创业自我效能感；创业者激情；创业努力；团队创业绩效 Abstract II Abstract Entrepreneurship attaches great importance to regional and national development of technology and economic. With the policy of “Mass entrepreneurship and innovation”, entrepreneurship prevails around our nation. However, because of “liability of newness” of high risk-taking, uncertainty and resource-constraint, the survival rate of new venture teams is really low. Therefore, how to help overcome the disadvantages and improve the survival rate of entrepreneurial teams becomes an important issue scholarly and practically. Based on the importance of team entrepreneurial performance and entrepreneurial self-efficacy for entrepreneurship management, the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial performance for new ventures has aroused great awareness. However, there are still mixed results and conclusions. In addition, more and more scholars have emphasized the mechanisms of the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and team performance. This paper aims to explore the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and team entrepreneurial performance through the mediating role of entrepreneurial passion and effort in the perspective of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) which can help enrich the extant theoretical framework. By reviewing and summarizing the existing theories and literature of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial passion, entrepreneurial effort and team entrepreneurial performance, this paper put forward model construction and hypotheses. Collecting prevailing and mature scales of our related variables, this paper conducted a prior study and carried out an lab-field experiment on a college entrepreneurial competition. After excluding the invalid questionnaire, we empirically analyzed the valid data and examined the hypotheses. By the method of PROCESS, this paper gained the following conclusions: (1) entrepreneurial self-efficacy is positively related to team entrepreneurial performance for new ventures; (2) entrepreneurial passion mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial Abstract III self-efficacy and team entrepreneurial performance; (3) entrepreneurial effort mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and team entrepreneurial performance; (4) entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial effort mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and team entrepreneurial performance successively. Based on the results and conclusions described above, this paper helps unveil the mechanisms of the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on team performance through entrepreneurial passion and effort to enrich the extant theoretical framework. In addition, exploring the antecedents of team performance for new venture teams can improve the survival rate of entrepreneurship which has practical implications. Lastly, pointing out the limitations of this paper does benefit the avenues for future researches. Key Words: Social cognitive theory; Entrepreneurial self-efficacy; Entrepreneurial passion; Entrepreneurial effort; Entrepreneurial team performance 目录 IV 目录 摘要 .................................................................... I 第一章 绪论 ............................................................. 1 1.1 研究背景及研究意义 ............................................... 1 1.1.1 研究背景 .................................................. 1 1.1.2 研究意义 .................................................. 5 1.2 研究内容及论文结构 ............................................... 7 1.2.1 研究内容 .................................................. 7 1.2.2 论文结构 .................................................. 8 1.3 研究方法及研究路线 .............................................. 9 1.3.1 研究方法 .................................................. 9 1.3.2 研究路线 ................................................. 10 1.4 研究目标与创新点 ............................................... 11 1.4.1 研究目标 ................................................. 11 1.4.2 研究创新点 ............................................... 11 第二章 文献综述 ........................................................ 13 2.1 社会认知理论 ................................................... 13 2.2 创业研究的综述 ................................................. 14 2.3 团队创业绩效研究的文献综述 ..................................... 15 2.3.1 团队创业绩效的定义与度量 ................................. 15 2.3.2 团队创业绩效的影响因素研究综述 ........................... 16 2.4 创业自我效能感研究的文献综述 ................................... 18 2.4.1 创业自我效能感的定义 ..................................... 18 2.4.2 创业自我效能感的影响因素 ................................. 19 2.4.3 创业自我效能感的结果变量 ................................. 20 2.5 创业者激情研究的文献综述 ....................................... 21 2.5.1 创业者激情的定义 ......................................... 21 目录 V 2.5.2 创业者激情的影响因素 ..................................... 22 2.5.3 创业者激情的结果变量 ..................................... 23 2.6 创业努力研究的文献综述 ......................................... 24 2.6.1 创业努力的定义 ........................................... 24 2.6.2 创业努力的相关研究 ....................................... 25 2.7 本章小结 ....................................................... 26 第三章 模型构建与理论假设 .............................................. 27 3.1 理论模型的构建 ................................................. 27 3.2 研究假设的提出 ................................................. 27 3.2.1 创业自我效能感对团队创业绩效的影响关系假设 ............... 27 3.2.2 创业者激情在创业自我效能感—团队创业绩效间的中介效应假设 . 29 3.2.3 创业努力在创业自我效能感—团队创业绩效间的中介效应假设 ... 30 3.2.4 双重中介效应假设 ......................................... 32 3.3 本章小结 ....................................................... 33 第四章 问卷设计与数据收集 .............................................. 34 4.1 问卷设计 ....................................................... 34 4.2 样本与数据收集 ................................................. 34 4.3 变量测量 ..........................