兰州大学硕士学位论文
随机需求下闭环供应链回收服务模式及协调研究
随机需求下闭环供应链回收服务模式及协调研究
中文摘要
闭环供应链（CLSC）是由正向渠道和逆向渠道构成的系统，其复杂程度和
不确定性较高，表现之一为正向渠道需求市场的不确定性会影响逆向渠道回收
市场的相关决策。本文在 CLSC设计层面研究需求不确定、不同回收服务模式
下制造商为 Stackelberg领导者、零售商和第三方为跟随者的CLSC决策。本文
重点讨论分散决策、不同回收服务模式下，正向渠道随机需求和正逆向渠道关
联程度对逆向渠道回收价格、回收量、回收服务水平和 CLSC成员利润等的影
响，主要研究内容和研究成果如下：
（1）考虑零售商在前向渠道销售产品，第三方在逆向渠道回收旧产品且不
提供回收服务和提供回收服务两种情形。研究表明：市场需求变动加剧时，零
售商将承受大部分风险，而制造商和第三方却因此受益；正逆向渠道关联程度
增加时，逆向渠道中制造商将提高转移支付、第三方将提高回收价格而降低回
收服务水平。
（2）考虑零售商一方面在前向渠道销售产品，另一方面在逆向渠道和第三
方联合服务或展开服务竞争两种情形。零售商和第三方联合提供回收服务时，
随着需求不确定性加剧，零售商和第三方将提高整体服务水平且零售商将承担
更多比例的服务水平；相反，当正逆向渠道关联程度增加时，零售商和第三方
将降低总体服务水平且零售商将承担更低比例的服务水平。零售商和第三方就
服务竞争时，随着需求不确定性加剧，第三方和零售商均提高服务水平同时降
低回收价格；当正逆向渠道关联程度增加时，服务竞争模式下的总体服务水平
与联合服务相同，且两种模式均呈现回收市场占有份额越大，则回收价格越低、
服务水平越高的趋势。
（3）比较不同的回收服务模式，可以发现联合回收服务是零售商和第三方
的最优选择；零售商和第三方的服务竞争程度加剧降低了零售商和第三方的利
润，但外部消费者将因此受益；制造商作为 CLSC领导者，其行为决策将影响
供应链向高利润、低回收量发展，还是迈向资源利用率更高的可持续化CLSC。
（4）鉴于仅第三方回收（提供或不提供服务）是一种最劣情形，以集中决
策为基准，设计出一种成本分担-利润共享协调契约：制造商在正向渠道与零售
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兰州大学硕士学位论文
随机需求下闭环供应链回收服务模式及协调研究
商分享利润，在逆向渠道与第三方分担回收成本，最终实现整个 CLSC的完美
协调。
废旧品回收再利用既可以保护环境又可以为企业带来收益，所以当代企业
更加注重对废旧品的回收再利用，然而却面临着回收难的困境。本文在需求市
场不确定条件下对多主体混合回收模式进行研究与比较，为 CLSC完善回收渠
道建设、提高资源利用率提供决策依据。
关键词：随机需求，闭环供应链，回收服务模式，协调
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兰州大学硕士学位论文
随机需求下闭环供应链回收服务模式及协调研究
A study on the recycling service mode and coordination of
closed-loop supply chain under stochastic demand
Abstract
The closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) is a system composed of forward and
reverse channels with high complexity and uncertainty, one manifestation of which is
that uncertainty in the demand market of the forward channel affects decisions related
to the recycling market of the reverse channel. In this paper, we study the CLSC
decisions at the CLSC design level with uncertain demand and different recycling
service models with a manufacturer as the Stackelberg leader and a retailer and a third
party as followers. This paper focuses on the impact of the forward channel stochastic
demand and the degree of forward and reverse channel association on the reverse
channelrecycling price,recyclingvolume,recycling servicelevelandCLSC
members' profit under decentralized decision making and different recycling service
models, and the main research contents and findings are as follows.
(1) Two scenarios are considered: the retailersells products in the forward
channel and the third party recycles used products in the reverse channel and does not
provide recycling services or provides recycling services. The study shows that when
the marketdemand changes, theretailer willbear most ofthe risk whilethe
manufacturer and the third party will benefit; when the forward and reverse channels
become moreconnected, the manufacturerin the reversechannel will increase
transfer payments, and the third party will increase recycling prices and reduce the
level of recycling services.
(2) Two scenarios are considered in which the retailer sells products in the
forward channel on the one hand, and on the other hand, jointly serves or competes
with the third party in the reverse channel. When the retailer and the third party jointly
provide recycling services, the retailer and the third party will increase the overall
service level and the retailer will assume a higher percentage of the service level as
demand uncertainty increases; conversely, when the forward and reverse channels
become more connected, the retailer and the third party will decrease the overall
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