US-CHINA BUSINESS
THE NEXT HUNDRED YEARS
CHINA BUSINESS CLIMATE
SURVEY REPORT2
中国商务环境调查报告
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3 CONTENTS 目录
Chairman;s Message 2.2 Investment Outlook
主席致辞投资前景
02 Executive Summary 3 Business Environment 32
概述商业环境
04 2023 Survey Methodology3.1 Investment Environment 43
2023 年调查方法投资环境
14 1. Performance Snapshot3.2 Human Resources45
绩效速览人力资源
19 2. Business Operations and Goals 3.3 Innovation and Intellectual67
商业运营和经营目标 Property Rights
创新和知识产权
282.1 Growth Outlook and 76
Opportunities4. Impact of Bilateral Relations
30增长前景与机遇中美关系的影响 86Chairman;s Message
The American Chamber of Commerce in the People’s Republic of China environment is deteriorating, up 31 percentage points (pp) from
(AmCham China) was founded in Beijing in 1919, and has long been an last year and the highest percentage of members to respond this
advocate for a stable and balanced US-China commercial relationship. The way in the last five years.
wider bilateral relationship continues to have a direct and profound impact
on global peace and prosperity, and China is an important market foro The majority of members are not considering relocating their
many American companies. supply chain: Many of our member companies have been in China
for decades and the majority of them continue to have a long-term
Our members appreciate the close attention that US and Chinese commitment to the China market. However, there is a 10pp increase
policymakers pay to our annual China Business Climate Survey (BCS) in the number of companies considering or already starting to relocate
Report. This, together with our White Paper, are the key mechanisms their manufacturing and sourcing outside of China. Risk management
that we use to offer constructive recommendations to both countries and US-China trade tensions were two of the top three reasons cited by
as they work towards greater mutual understanding and successfulmembers for doing so.
resolution of concerns.
o Tense bilateral relationship continues to stoke uncertainty in
business decision making: Half of our member companies are
While US-China trade has continued to grow throughout the pandemic,
pessimistic about the future of US-China relations in the coming
bilateral relations have become increasingly complex for the American
year with three-quarters of members reporting that their companies
business community in China to navigate. Last year was particularly
have been impacted by trade tensions. A positive bilateral
challenging for our member companies, as they dealt with China’s
relationship is extremely important to member company businesses
economic slowdown, Zero-COVID controls, and ongoing efforts to ensure
in China and many hope that future trade negotiations will result
compliance with various new US and China-related regulations.
in more open Chinese markets and a level playing field for foreign-
invested enterprises.
For the 25th annual edition of our China Business Climate Survey (BCS)
Report, one of the key barometers of the sentiment of the American o AmCham China members looking for ways to support the
business community in China, we are delighted to have partnered with cooperative agenda: Eight-in-ten of our member companies report that
PwC for execution and analysis. Although China’s Zero-COVID policy they have an Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) strategy
ended shortly after the bulk of the data for this report was collected,in China. In addition to increasing brand value and aligning with
subsequent membership surveys and engagements reinforce the following headquarters’ initiatives, 42% of members believe that implementing
key themes:ESG programs can help talent acquisition and retention.
o Members reported a slightly more pessimistic financial outlook The data included in this report provides an accurate and nuanced view
compared to previous years: In 2022, 34% of members estimated of the experiences that our member companies are having on the ground
their revenue would be lower than 2021. However, despite the in China. With the borders now re-opened for business, our member
pandemic-related restrictions, another 32% of members predicted companies look forward to deeper in-person communication across the
their revenue would go up. While 2021 saw a trend toward board, amid continuing hope that the two governments can address and
normalization of financial expectations, the shocks of the past constructively resolve outstanding issues.
year have led to results which look similar to 2020 when the initial
pandemic impacts were experienced by companies.
o China is no longer the primary investment destination it once
was: This year, less than half of our member companies rank China
as a top three investment priority, marking a significant shift for
the first time. 45% of members noted that China;s investment
Colm Rafferty
Chairman, AmCham China
March 2023
2 AmCham China;s 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 主席致辞
o
自中国美国商会于1919 年在北京成立以来，一直致力于 大多数会员企业并未考虑转移供应链 ：我们的许多会
倡导稳定而平衡的中美经贸关系。中美关系对全球和平与员企业在华深耕数载，仍坚守在华运营承诺。但是，
繁荣有着直接且深远的影响，对于许多美国企业而言，中自新冠疫情以来，考虑或已经开始将生产和采购转移
国市场至关重要。 至中国境外的企业比例首次增加了 10 个百分点。“风
险管理”和“中美双边贸易摩擦”是会员企业考虑转
我们的会员企业非常感谢中美两国政策制定者对商会年度移产能的另外两大因素。
商务环境调查报告的密切关注。作为商会重要的政策谏言
o
机制，该报告与中国美国商会“美国企业在中国白皮书”中美关系紧张持续为在华运营带来不确定性 ：半数会
是我们向中美两国政府提供富有实质性建议、进一步加深员企业预测 2023 年中美关系将恶化，四分之三的会员
相互理解和成功解决问题的重要抓手。 企业表示已受到中美双边贸易摩擦的影响。同时，会
员企业表示，良好的中美双边关系对公司在华业务增
尽管在新冠疫情期间，中美双边贸易持续增长，但双边关长至关重要。许多会员企业希望未来的双边经贸谈判
系使在华运营的美国企业的运营环境更加复杂。2022 年， 能聚焦在进一步向外资开放中国市场，并为外资企业
中国经济放缓、疫情防控和中美两国新的合规要求叠加，争取更多公平竞争的机会。
在华美国企业遭遇了前所未有的挑战。
o
中国美国商会会员期待参与支持中美合作议题 ：80%
今年，我们非常高兴再次与普华永道合作，共同研究和撰的会员企业表示在华实施了“环境，社会责任和公司
写衡量在华美国企业意见重要指标的第25 期中国美国商治理（ESG）”战略。会员企业认为该战略除了有利
会《中国商务环境调查报告》。此次报告向会员征求意见于公司树立在华商业品牌形象并与总部ESG 战略一致
时间为 2022 年 10 月中旬至11 月中旬。随着中国疫情防外，有 42% 的会员企业表示 ESG 战略的实施有助于
控措施在去年年末调整，我们持续跟进了会员企业在华运公司在华持续招聘和留住人才。
营情况。今年的调查报告中包括了以下重要议题 ：
本次报告中的数据准确而细致地反映了我们扎根中国本土
o
与往年相比，会员企业对在华整体营商环境略显悲观：的会员企业的实际情况。随着2023 年 1 月 8 日起中国进
2022 年，34%的会员预估营收将低于 2021 年水平。一步放宽新冠疫情防控措施，我们的会员企业期待更加深
然而，尽管受到新冠肺炎疫情的冲击，仍有 32% 的会 入的沟通往来，并期望两国政府能通过实质性的对话解决
员企业预计盈利将增加。2021 年，会员企业曾表示在 突出性问题。
华财务表现趋于疫情前水平 ；但 2022 年受到新冠疫情
防控措施的冲击，会员企业整体财务表现跌落至 2020
年水平。
o
中国作为首要投资目的地的企业比例正在下降 ：2022
年，不到半数的会员企业将中国列为前三大投资目的
地之一，是首次出现的重大转变。45% 的受访会员企
业表示中国的投资环境正在恶化，同比上涨了 31 个百
分点，是过去五年中该选项的最高比例。
华刚林
中国美国商会主席
二零二三年三月
AmCham China;s 2023 China Business Climate Survey Report 3Executive Summary
After three full years dominated by the COVID-19 pandem