中文摘要
铁路运输是我国主要运输方式之一，以其运量大、能耗低、污染小、安全性强及
连续性强等特点成为了陆地运输的“主力军”和“先行官”。铁路货运不仅支撑带动
着国家经济的发展，而且在国际互联互通和“一带一路”战略的实施中也起着举足轻
重的作用。铁路货运在我国的货物运输体系中起着骨干的作用，尤其是在大宗货物运
输方面一直保持着传统优势并占有一定的市场份额。
但在我国铁路货物运输领域逐渐走向专业化、市场化、国际化的同时，市场需求
变化，公路、水运等运输方式之间的竞争和铁路运输结构改革也给铁路货运带来强烈
的影响，尤其是公路运输以其运输范围大、运价灵活等优势不断抢占既有市场。X铁
路公司从一个拥有煤炭、铁路、电厂的资源综合型企业重组整合为一个专业化铁路货
物运输企业，不断向着“精细化分类改革”迈进。X铁路公司不仅承担着国家能源集
团准格尔、台格庙、梅林庙、察哈素矿区和地方煤炭外运的重要任务，是国家能源集
团一体化运营的中流砥柱，而且是蒙西地区煤炭外运的大动脉和生命线。运输的货物
种类覆盖了绝大多数鄂尔多斯地区的煤炭，少部分的非煤货物。X铁路公司现阶段同
样面临着铁路专用线接轨建设落后，铁路线路周边产业链延伸不够，装车站、集运站、
物流园区建设落后，铁路运价管理不灵活，铁路信息化水平和养护水平较先进企业落
后较多等问题，使得铁路货运量受限。
本文以企业战略管理理论为依据，通过对 X铁路公司发展现状的分析，为 X铁
路公司探索制定符合公司实际的一体化发展战略，为公司的长远发展提供有益的理论
性支撑。首先梳理总结了有关企业发展战略的相关研究成果，分析得出了现阶段铁路
运输发展的研究方向，通过分析，得出了制定发展战略在企业发展中的重要性以及本
文研究方向。其次，以发展战略相关理论为基础，运用 PEST分析法分析了 X铁路公
司的宏观环境，用波特五力模型分析了 X铁路公司竞争环境，对 X铁路公司的内部
资源和内部能力进行系统的梳理和分析，运用 SWOT分析法对公司的优势、劣势、
机会和威胁进行分析，找出了为公司制定战略的依据。再次，从 X铁路公司的实际
出发，对公司的愿景、使命和目标进行明确的梳理，找到了公司长远发展的突破口，
在专用线、集运站、物流园以及货物种类等方面进行合理建设和规划成为公司未来发
展的重要战略规划，为公司制定了一个符合公司实际的一体化发展战略，成为公司今
后发展的重要指针，对实际工作有较强的指导意义。
本文的研究可以使 X铁路公司的管理者对企业现状、发展阶段、发展水平、发
展目标和发展方向有更清晰的认识，从而更好地推动企业健康可持续发展，同时，也
对同行企业发展具有可以借鉴和参考的意义，共同推进我国铁路运输业向着绿色、科
学、高效、健康、稳定发展。

关键词：铁路货物运输；铁路发展战略；PEST分析；SWOT分析

ABSTRACT
Railway transportation is one of the main modes of transportation in my
country.It has become the "main force" and the "pioneer" of land
transportation due to its large volume, low energy consumption, low pollution,
high safety and continuity. Railway freight transportation not only supports
the development of the national economy, but also plays a pivotal role in the
implementation of the international interconnection and the "one belt and one
road" strategy. Railway freight transportation plays a key role in China's cargo
transportation system, especially in bulk cargo transportation, it has
maintained its traditional advantages and occupied a certain market share.
However, as China's railway freight transportation gradually moves
towards specialization, marketization and internationalization, changes in
market demand, competition among transportation modes such as road and
water transportation, and structural reform of railway transportation also have
a strong impact on railway freight. In particular, highway transportation
continues to seize the existing market with its advantages of large
transportation range and flexible freight rate. X railway company reorganized
and integrated from a resource-based enterprise with coal, railway and power
plant into a professional railway freight transportation enterprise, and
continued to move towards "fine classification reform". It undertakes the
important tasks of Jungar, Taige temple, Meilin temple, chahasu mining area
and local coal export of national energy group. It is the mainstay of the
integrated operation of national energy group and the main artery and lifeline
of coal export in Mengxi region. The types of goods transported cover most of
the coal in Ordos and a small part of non coal goods. At the present stage, X
Railway Company is also faced with the backward construction of special
railway lines, insufficient extension of the industrial chain around the railway
lines, backward construction of loading stations, container stations, and
logistics parks, imperfect management of railway freight rates, and relatively
advanced railway informatization and maintenance levels. Many backward
enterprises and other problems have severely limited the volume of railway
freight transport.
。。。以下略