I 摘要 发展公共交通是现代城市发展的方向。近年来，公共交通出行一直是我国缓解道 路拥堵，减少环境污染，提高市民生活水平的重要方式。但从目前来看，隶属于国有 企业的ZBGJ公司发展形势却不容乐观，员工工作积极性不高，工作态度散漫，核心 人才流失严重，成为困扰该公司发展的关键。提高员工积极性的重要因素便是建立合 理的激励制度以改善员工工作态度，提高工作效率，走出企业发展的困境。 为完善ZBGJ公司激励机制，本文从激励机制理论出发，建立激励机制框架并研 究该公司激励机制存在的问题，在公司实际走访调查并用调查问卷方式对员工进行调 查，发现该企业在物质激励和精神激励方面普遍存在问题：无长期物质激励方式、效 益工资考核方式不合理、缺乏精神激励等。 结合ZBGJ公司实际情况，以及相关激励理论，从物质激励和精神激励两个方面 对公司激励机制提出完善建议。一是从短期物质激励出发，完善企业效益工资考核方 式，并根据年度考核将年终奖分级发放，避免平均主义。二是增加长期激励的激励方 式，提出采用“虚拟股权”的激励方式，以激励核心员工，为企业留住人才。三是从 精神激励方面出发，利用好目标激励、晋升激励、情感激励、培训激励和环境激励， 丰富员工激励方式，完善激励机制。同时，完善相关监督保障制度，让上层管理人员 重视，中层管理人员做好沟通，基层管理人员做好反馈，以完善该公司的激励机制。 希望可以通过以上激励机制，让员工队伍素质提高，让员工工作环境得到改善， 增强员工主人公意识，以期企业能够更好的发展。 关键词：国有企业；物质激励；精神激励； 山东理工大学硕士学位论文ABSTRACT II ABSTRACT Thedevelopmentofpublictransportisthedevelopmentdirectionofmodern cities.Inrecentyears,publictransportationhasbeenanimportantwaytorelieve roadcongestion,reduceenvironmentalpollutionandimprovepeople'sliving standards.However,atpresent,thedevelopmentsituationofZBGJCompany, whichisaffiliatedtoastate-ownedenterprise,isnotoptimistic,withlow enthusiasmofemployees,looseworkingattitudeandseriouslossofcoretalents, whichhavebecomethekeytothecompany'sdevelopment.Theimportantfactorto improveemployees'enthusiasmistoestablishareasonableincentivesystemto improveemployees'workingattitude,improveworkefficiencyandgetoutofthe dilemmaofenterprisedevelopment. ToperfectZBGJcompanyincentivemechanism,thisarticleembarksfromthe theoryofincentivemechanism,establishincentivemechanismframeworkand researchproblemsofincentivemechanism,thecompanyinthecompany'sactual visitingsurveyandemployeebywayofquestionnairesurvey,foundthatthe enterpriseiscommonintheaspectofmaterialincentiveandspiritualincentive problem:nolong-termmaterialincentives,efficiencywageassessmentwayisnot reasonable,thelackofspiritualmotivation,etc. CombinedwiththeactualsituationofZBGJcompanyandrelatedincentive theories,thispaperputsforwardSuggestionsonimprovingtheincentive mechanismofthecompanyfromtwoaspectsofmaterialincentiveandspiritual incentive.First,fromtheperspectiveofshort-termmaterialincentives,weshould improvetheassessmentmethodofenterprisebenefitsalary,anddistributethe year-endbonusaccordingtotheannualassessmenttoavoidequalitarianism.The secondistoincreasethelong-termincentiveway,putforwardtheuseof"virtual equity"incentiveway,tostimulatethecorestaff,toretaintalentfortheenterprise. Third,startingfromthespiritofmotivation,makegooduseofthetargetincentive, promotionincentive,emotionalincentive,trainingincentiveandenvironmental incentive,enrichthewayofemployeemotivation,improvetheincentive mechanism.Atthesametime,therelevantsupervisionandguaranteesystem shouldbeimprovedtomaketheuppermanagementpayattention,themiddle managementshouldcommunicatewellandthegrass-rootsmanagementshould givefeedback,soastoimprovethecompany'sincentivemechanism. Itishopedthatthroughtheaboveincentivemechanism,thequalityofthe staffcanbeimproved,theworkingenvironmentofthestaffcanbeimproved,and theconsciousnessoftheprotagonistofthestaffcanbeenhanced,sothatthe enterprisecandevelopbetter. 山东理工大学硕士学位论文ABSTRACT III Keywords:State-ownedEnterprise;MaterialIncentive;SpiritualIncentive 山东理工大学硕士学位论文目录 IV 目录 摘要...................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................................II 目录................................................................................................................................IV 第一章绪论...................................................................................................................1 1.1选题目的及意义..................................................................................................1 1.1.1选题的背景................................................................................................1 1.1.2研究的目的与意义..................................................................................2 1.1.3研究对象....................................................................................................2 1.2文献综述...............................................................................................................2 1.2.1国外文献综述...........................................................................................3 1.2.2国内文献综述...........................................................................................3 1.3论文的基本框架..................................................................................................5 1.3.1研究框架....................................................................................................7 1.3.2研究方法....................................................................................................8 1.4研究的创新与不足..............................................................................................8 1.4.1研究创新之处...........................................................................................8 1.4.2研究不足之处...........................................................................................8 第二章研究的理论基础.................................................................................................................9 2.1激励、激励机制的概念及理论........................................................................9 2.1.1激励的概念................................................................................................9 2.1.2激励机制....................................................................................................9 2.2激励理论综述......................................................................................................9 2.2.1内容激励理论...........................................................................................9 2.2.2过程激励理论.........................................................................................10 2.2.3综合激励理论.........................................................................................11 2.3激励机制框架....................................................................................................12 2.3.1物质激励..................................................................................................12 2.3.2精神激励..................................................................................................13 第三章ZBGJ公司现状简介.......................................................................................................15 3.1经营状况介绍....................................................................................................15 3.2员工人力资源状况...........................................................................................16 山东理工大学硕士学位论文目录 V 3.3薪资构成.............................................................................................................19 第四章ZBGJ公司员工激励现状问卷调查.........................................................................20 4.1问卷调查的目的................................................................................................20 4.2问卷设计及样本选择.......................................................................................20 4.2.1问卷调查的设计原则..