中美两国作为全球最大的两个经济体，两国双边贸易摩擦时有发生。近年来， 中国钢铁工业发展迅猛，对美国的出口总量不断增加，而美国钢铁工业呈现出衰 落的趋势，原有的发展优势正在消失，因此为扶持本国钢铁产业的发展，美国对 中国钢铁相继采取了反补贴、反倾销等贸易保护措施，对中国钢铁企业造成了深 刻的影响，比如低技术障碍、高负债风险、产品低价格、产品结构失衡以及产业 集中度较低等。当前的贸易摩擦更加剧了钢铁行业的国际竞争。 本文主要借助文献研究法、实地调查法等以 A 钢铁公司为例对中美贸易摩擦 对钢铁企业的影响及对策进行研究。在对国内外学者关于贸易摩擦研究成果基础 上进行分析的基础上，对中美贸易摩擦问题进行分析。A 钢铁公司作为中国较大 规模的钢铁企业，通过对其发展情况进行分析可以看出，其发展面临的宏观环境 较好，但是也受到环保等方面政策的限制，同时 A 钢铁公司所面临的行业竞争压 力也较大，在对其进行 SWOT 分析之后可以看出，在 A 钢铁公司发展过程中应 该充分借助内部优势和外部机遇，规避现有劣势及外部威胁。中美钢铁贸易摩擦 对 A 钢铁公司的影响消极方面在主要是增加了贸易成本、缩减了贸易规模、降低 企业整体规模，因此 A 钢铁公司应该通过技术创新、降低成本、扩大企业规模和 优化产品结构等措施应对中美钢铁贸易摩擦的影响。 从本文的研究来看，在中美钢铁贸易摩擦下，钢铁企业该通过强化对对贸易 摩擦的预防和应对能力、构建多元化市场策略、加速技术创新、实施对外投资以 及并购重组等方面出发全面提升在国际贸易中的竞争优势，最大程度上降低中美 钢铁贸易摩擦所带来的风险和损失。西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文 关键词：贸易摩擦；钢铁贸易；中美贸易西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文 Research on the Countermeasures of Chinese iron and steel enterprises under Sino US trade frictions —TakeASteel Company as an Example Abstract Major: Business Administration Master:Zhan Zhijie Instructor:Zhan Shaowen China and the United States as the world's two largest economies, bilateral trade between the two countries is constantly frequent, but also accompanied by various aspects of trade friction. China's iron and steel industry has developed very rapidly, its total exports to the United States have been increasing, while the United States iron and steel industry has shown a declining trend, and its original development advantages are disappearing. Therefore, in order to support the development of China's iron and steel industry, the United States has adopted anti-subsidy, anti-dumping and other trade protection measures to support the development of China's iron and steel industry, which a profound impact on Chinese steel enterprises, such as low technology barriers, high debt risk, low product prices, product structure imbalance and low industrial concentration. Based on literature research and field investigation, this paper takes A company as an example to study the influence and countermeasures of Sino-US trade friction on steel enterprises. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign scholars' research results on trade friction, this paper analyzes the trade friction between China and the United States. Then it analyzes the development dilemma faced by Chinese steel enterprises under the background of China's trade friction, so as to clarify the current overall development situation of Chinese steel enterprises. As a large-scale iron and steel enterprise in China, A company, through the analysis of its development situation, can see that its development is facing a better macro environment, but also by西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文 environmental protection and other aspects of government The restriction of policy, at the same time A the industry competition pressure that the company faces is also big, after carrying on the SWOT analysis to it, we can see that in the process of A company development, we should make full use of internal advantages and external opportunities to avoid existing disadvantages and external threats. As a result A the company should deal with the impact of Sino-US iron and steel trade friction through measures such as technological innovation, reducing costs, expanding enterprise size and optimizing product structure. From the research of this paper, under the Sino-US iron and steel trade friction, iron and steel enterprises should enhance their competitive advantage in international trade by strengthening their ability to prevent and deal with trade friction, constructing diversified market strategies, accelerating technological innovation, implementing foreign investment and merger and reorganization, and minimize the risks and losses caused by Sino-US steel trade friction. Keywords: trade friction; Steel trade; Sino-US Trade西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文 I 目 录 1 绪论 .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 研究背景 ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2 研究目的及意义 ................................................................................................ 2 1.2.1 研究目的 .................................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 研究意义 .................................................................................................. 2 1.3 国内外研究现状 ................................................................................................ 2 1.3.1 国外研究现状 .......................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 国内研究现状 .......................................................................................... 4 1.4 研究内容及方法 ................................................................................................ 5 1.4.1 研究内容 .................................................................................................. 5 1.4.2 研究方法 .................................................................................................. 6 1.5 论文研究框架 .................................................................................................... 6 2 相关概念及理论基础 .................................................................................................. 9 2.1 概念界定 ............................................................................................................. 9 2.1.1 贸易摩擦 .................................................................................................. 9 2.1.2 贸易摩擦的方式 ...................................................................................... 9 2.2 理论基础 .......................................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 自由贸易理论 ........................................................................................ 10 2.2.3 国际贸易摩擦理论 ................................................................................. 12 2.2.4 贸易摩擦影响理论及机理 .................................................................... 13 3 中美贸易摩擦下中国钢铁企业面临的问题 ............................................................ 15 3.1 中美贸易摩擦对中国钢铁企业的摩擦影响 .................................................. 15 3.1.1 摩擦影响机理 ........................................................................................ 15 3.1.2 摩擦的具体体现 .................................................................................... 15 3.2 中美贸易摩擦下中国钢铁企业面临的问题 .................................................. 15 3.2.1 低技术障碍得不到有效改善 ................................................................ 16 3.2.2 高负债导致风险和负担不断加重 ........................................................ 16 3.2.3 产品长期低价运行 ................................................................................ 17 3.2.4 人员结构失衡问题突出 ........................................................................ 17西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文 II 3.2.5 产品结构不合理.....................................................................................18 3.2.6 钢铁产业集中度较低...................................................................