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I 摘要 近年来,随着我国金融业全面对外开放,各大银行正面临着广泛而激烈的国际 竞争。传统银行业内部同质化竞争加剧,互联网金融的汹涌来袭,传统中间业务 和表外业务发展受限等影响,使得传统银行曾引以为傲的利润增长点逐渐被削弱。 银行业增长乏力、竞争加剧,是我国每家银行正面临的严峻形势。想要实现新型商 业银行的转型,并在激烈的行业竞争中占据一席之地,就必须进一步完善和强化 商业银行现有的内控管理制度。本文将运用哈佛框架对东亚银行进行综合的财务 分析,并提出相关建议和应对措施。 传统的财务报表分析,往往着眼于历史财务报表数据本身的计算和分析,缺乏 对会计信息质量的分析,使得财务分析的可靠性和分析质量不高;更重要的是, 传统财务分析未能将公司的经济环境、行业状况、经营战略和会计策略等因素纳 入到财务报表分析框架之中,不能深入有效地发现经营管理中的问题,无法客观 恰当地评价其经济效益;此外,各类以哈佛框架分析的行业大多以工商企业为主, 很少针对银行业展开全面的财务分析,而对于在华外资银行的全面财务分析就更 少了。因此,本文参考国内外关于哈佛框架和财务分析的最新研究成果,挑选了 在华外资银行中的“东亚银行”为分析对象,重点选取该公司近五年的财务数据,从 战略、会计、财务、前景四个方面对财务状况和经营成果进行深入分析研究。 关键词:哈佛分析框架,东亚银行,财务分析ABSTRACT II ABSTRACT In recent years, with China's financial industry fully open to the outside world, the major banks are facing a wide and fierce international competition. With the intensification of homogenization competition within the traditional banking industry, the surging impact of internet finance, the limited development of traditional intermediary business and off-table business, the profit growth point that traditional banks have been proud of has been gradually weakened. The weak growth of the banking industry and the intensification of competition are the severe situation that every bank in our country is facing. If we want to realize the transformation of new commercial banks and occupy a place in the fierce competition in the industry, we must further improve and strengthen the existing internal control management system of commercial banks. This paper will use the Harvard framework to carry out a comprehensive financial analysis of the Bank of East Asia, and put forward relevant recommendations and countermeasures. Traditional financial statement analysis, often focusing on the calculation and analysis of historical financial statement data itself, lack of analysis of accounting information quality, so that the reliability of financial analysis and analysis quality is not high; more importantly, traditional financial analysis has failed to integrate the company's economic environment, industry situation, Business strategy and accounting strategy and other factors into the financial Statement analysis framework, can’t be in-depth and effective detection of business management problems, can’t objectively and properly evaluate their economic benefits; In addition, most of the industries analysed by the Harvard framework are dominated by business enterprises, with little comprehensive financial analysis of the banking sector, And there is even less comprehensive financial analysis of foreign banks in China. Therefore, taking into account the latest research results on Harvard framework and Financial analysis at home and abroad, this paper selects the "Bank of East Asia" in foreign banks in China as the analysis object, focusing on the financial data of the company for nearly five years, and makes an in-depth analysis of the financial situation and operating results from four aspects of strategy, accounting, finance and prospect.ABSTRACT III Keywords: Harvard framework,Bank of East Asia,Financial Analysis目 录 IV 目 录 第一章 绪论....................... 1 1.1 研究背景............... 1 1.2 研究目的............... 1 1.3 研究思路............... 2 1.4 研究方法............... 2 1.5 论文框架............... 3 1.6 本文创新............... 3 第二章 哈佛分析框架的基本理论及文献综述............................. 5 2.1 哈佛分析框架理论.............................. 5 2.1.1 战略分析 ... 5 2.1.2 会计分析 ... 6 2.1.3 财务分析 ... 6 2.1.4 前景分析 ... 7 2.2 文献综述............... 7 2.2.1 国内文献综述 .......................... 7 2.2.2 国外文献综述 .......................... 9 2.3 银行业财务分析评价体系.................11 2.3.1 骆驼评级法 .............................11 2.3.2 商业银行风险监管核心指标 12 2.3.3 杜邦分析法 ............................ 13 第三章 哈佛分析框架下的东亚银行战略分析........................... 15 3.1 东亚银行基本情况介绍.................... 15 3.2 银行业现状分析. 16 3.2.1 零售需求增加 ........................ 17 3.2.2 综合化经营趋势 .................... 17 3.2.3 互联网金融冲击 .................... 18 3.2.4 城市商业银行现状 ................ 18 3.2.5 利率市场化改革 .................... 18 3.2.6 外资银行现状 ........................ 19 3.3 外部环境分析(PEST 分析) ......... 20目 录 V 3.3.1 政治因素(Political) ................ 20 3.3.2 经济因素(Economic) ............. 20 3.3.3 社会因素(Social) ................... 21 3.3.4 技术因素(Technological).. 22 3.4 “波特五力模型”分析......................... 22 3.4.1 现有行业竞争者 .................... 22 3.4.2 潜在行业进入者 .................... 23 3.4.3 替代品威胁 ............................ 23 3.4.4 购买方议价能力 .................... 23 3.4.5 供应商议价能力 .................... 24 3.5 SWOT 分析 ......... 24 3.5.1 东亚银行的优势 .................... 24 3.5.2 东亚银行的劣势 .................... 25 3.5.3 东亚银行的威胁 .................... 26 3.5.4 东亚银行的机会 .................... 26 3.6 战略分析小结..... 27 第四章 哈佛分析框架下的东亚银行会计分析........................... 29 4.1 资产负债项目分析............................ 29 4.1.1 资产项目分析 ........................ 29 4.1.2 负债项目分析 ........................ 30 4.1.3 所有者权益项目分析 ............ 31 4.2 利润项目分析..... 31 4.2.1 营业收入分析 ......................... 32 4.2.2 营业支出分析 ......................... 33 4.3 现金流量项目分析............................ 33 4.4 主要会计估计与会计政策................ 34 4.4.1 固定资产折旧 ........................ 34 4.4.2 发放贷款和垫款的减值准备 35 4.5 会计分析小结..... 36 第五章 哈佛分析框架下的东亚银行财务分析........................... 37 5.1 资本充足程度分析............................ 37 5.2 资产质量分析..... 38 5.2.1 不良贷款率 ............................ 38目 录 VI 5.2.2 拨备覆盖率 ............................ 39 5.2.3 客户集中度与行业集中度 .... 39 5.2.4 贷款集中度与全部关联度 .... 40 5.3 管理水平分析..... 41 5.3.1 公司治理 . 41 5.3.2 风险管理.. 42 5.4 收益状况分析..... 44 5.4.1 成本收入比率 ........................ 44 5.4.2 资产利润率 ............................ 45 5.4.3 资本利润率 ............................ 45 5.5 流动性分析......... 46 5.5.1 存贷款比率 ............................ 46 5.5.2 流动性比率与流动覆盖率 .... 46 5.6 杜邦财务分析..... 46 5.7 同行业对比与小结............................ 48 第六章 哈佛分析框架下的东亚银行前景分析........................... 51 6.1 国内银行业发展前景分析................ 51 6.1.1 电商平台合作 ........................ 51 6.1.2 互联网金融趋势 .................... 51 6.1.3 金融混业经营趋势 ................ 52 6.1.4 金融业对外开放 .................... 52 6.1.5 银行转型发展 ........................ 53 6.2 东亚银行未来发展前景分析............ 53 6.2.1 定性分析 . 53 6.2.2 定量分析.. 54 第七章 结论及建议......... 61 7.1 东亚银行分析总结............................ 61 7.2 东亚银行分析建议............................ 62 7.2.2 对东亚银行的建议 ................ 62 7.2.3 对投资者的建议 .................... 63 7.3 研究不足与展望. 63 致 谢.. 64