TC软件公司软件开发项目管理流程优化研究 TC公司是一家软件外包公司。公司成立十几年以来，主要以软件外包出口为主， 业务工作范围为零售业的系统开发和咨询服务。然而，近几年来随着世界经济高速发 展和软件企业的增多，人工成本越来越高。在此背景下，软件企业如果不提高生产性， 降低成本，在软件行业中将失去竞争力。其中提高生产性和降低成本的方法之一是项 目管理流程优化。TC公司项目管理方法比较原始，从外部引进项目管理方法比较少， 员工基本都是从大学直接招聘过来，零经验做起。社会招聘的员工比例非常少，员工 的项目管理方法基本来自公司的内部。所以整体的项目管理水平还有很多需要优化的 环节。本文从项目管理理论知识的角度，对TC公司的项目管理流程的现状进行了研究， 目的是通过此次研究，对TC公司项目管理流程中存在的问题点及出现的原因进行针对 性分析，并为解决这些问题提出优化解决方案，达到提高TC公司项目管理水平的目的。 通过此次的项目管理流程优化的研究，首先能够发现项目管理流程中存在的问题 点，然后针对发现的问题点，进行原因分析及总结。为了防止类似问题持续发生，此 次论文中作出了项目管理流程优化的具体方案，目的是解决现在存在的问题点。通过 此次的优化，TC公司能够通过优化项目管理流程中存在的问题，来提高项目管理水平， 降低公司的成本，最终提高公司的生产性、提高公司的竞争力。 关键词:软件开发；软件项目管理；流程优化 吉林大学硕士学位论文 VII Abstract Research on Management Process Optimization of Software Development Projects by TC Software Company TC Company is a software outsourcing company mainly engaging in the exports of software outsourcing. Having been founded for a decade, TC Company’s business scope in- cludes retailing system development and consultancy services. Yet, in recent years, along with the rapidly developing global economy and the growing software enterprises, labor costs become increasingly high. In this context, if not increasing productivity and reducing costs, software enterprises will lose competitiveness in the software industry. One of the methods for achieving such goals is to optimize project management processes. TC Compa- ny has adopted quite primitive project management methods, which is especially revealed in the following aspects: there’re no standard project management criteria for project managers to follow; the management methods for each project are subject to the project manager based on his/her personal management experience and expertise. TC Company rarely imported project management means from external sources, and its employees basically just leave the campus and start from scratch. Experienced ones are rarely hired, and nearly all of their pro- ject management methods originate from internal practices and rules. As a result, there is a great optimization space for their project management level. In this paper, from the perspec- tive of theoretical project management knowledge, the current status of TC Company’s pro- ject management processes is studied in an attempt to identify the problems in these pro- cesses, analyze the underlying reasons and provide optimization solutions to these problems, thus achieving the goal of improving TC Company’s project management level. Through the study of project management process optimization, the problems in these processes are firstly identified. Then, detailed analyses are made to sum up fundamental reasons. Finally, these problems are solved through optimization. Thus, the goal of optimiz- ing TC’s project management processes is achieved, thereby reducing operation costs, en- hancing productivity and increasing corporate competitiveness. Keywords: Software Project Management, Software Outsourcing, Process Optimization 吉林大学硕士学位论文 VIII 目 录 第1章 绪论 ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1研究背景和研究意义................................................................................. 1 1.1.1研究背景 ............................................................................................... 1 1.1.2研究意义 ............................................................................................... 2 1.2研究内容 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究方法与研究思路................................................................................ 3 1.3.1 研究方法 .............................................................................................. 3 1.3.2 研究思路 .............................................................................................. 3 第2章 项目管理与流程优化的相关理论 ....................................................... 5 2.1项目管理概述 ............................................................................................. 5 2.1.1 项目管理概念 ...................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 项目管理特点 ...................................................................................... 6 2.1.3 项目管理分类 ...................................................................................... 8 2.2 流程优化理论概述.................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 流程优化的概念.................................................................................. 9 2.2.2 流程优化途径 ...................................................................................... 9 2.2.3 流程优化方法 .................................................................................. 11 2.2.4 流程优化步骤 .................................................................................. 12 2.3本章小结 ................................................................................................... 13 第3章 TC公司软件开发项目管理流程的现状及存在问题分析 ................ 14 3.1公司概况 ................................................................................................... 14 3.1.1公司基本情况介绍............................................................................. 14 3.1.2公司组织架构介绍............................................................................. 14 吉林大学硕士学位论文 IX 3.2 TC公司项目管理流程现状及存在问题分析 ....................................... 17 3.2.1项目企划阶段现状及存在问题分析 ................................................ 17 3.2.2项目设计阶段现状及存在问题分析 ................................................ 20 3.2.3 项目开发阶段现状及存在问题分析 ............................................... 22 3.2.4 项目测试阶段现状及存在问题分析 ............................................... 24 3.2.5 项目实施售后阶段现状及存在问题分析 ....................................... 26 3.3本章小结 ................................................................................................... 27 第4章 TC公司软件开发项目管理流程优化方案 ..................................... 29 4.1 项目管理流程优化原则 .......................................................................... 29 4.2 项目管理流程优化目标 .......................................................................... 29 4.3 项目管理流程优化方案 .......................................................................... 30 4.3.1 项目企划阶段优化方案 .................................................................... 31 4.3.2 项目设计阶段优化方案 .................................................................... 33 4.3.3 项目开发阶段优化方案 .................................................................... 38 4.3.4 项目测试阶段优化方案 .................................................................... 41 4.3.5 项目实施售后阶段优化方案............................................................ 43 4.4 预期效果分析 .......................................................................................... 45 4.5本章小结 ................................................................................................... 46 第5章 TC公司软件开发项目管理流程优化方案实施的保障措施 ............ 47 5.1 组织管理结构调整 .................................................................................. 47 5.2 配备高素质人才 ....................