自从有了产品，质量问题就一直是人们的关注点。在信息化高速发展的今天，软件 质量问题更是关乎着社会的发展和进步。在当前的很多软件公司中，由于成本和项目期 限等各种原因，大家不重视或者不够重视软件质量管理，这样研发出来的软件远远不能 满足质量要求。在这样的大环境下，很多软件仅仅成了摆设，没有发挥它真正的作用。 本文以 Z 公司金融业务线的软件质量管理体系为研究对象，首先结合了六西格玛、 敏捷开发等多种质量管理理论和方法，研究了国内外质量管理的现状；其次以相关的文 献综述和质量管理概念及模型为理论基础，分析了该业务线软件质量管理体系的现状以 及存在的问题。Z 公司金融业务线其总体规模不大，业务类型大都为金融相关产品，但 是由于其产品的特殊性和版本发布的紧凑性等原因，导致在质量管理方面存在着一些问 题，例如缺少必要的质量过程检查，质量管理体系不健全，知识储备不足等。为了更好 的监控和提高软件产品的质量，本文通过演绎归纳和定性分析，提出了通过调整组织架 构，建立质量过程监控，改善软件测试策略，建立完整的需求分析体系等方面来优化 Z 公司金融业务线目前的软件质量管理体系。最后制定方案来真正的在项目中实施新的质 量管理体系，并且将优化后的体系推广到整个公司。 关键词，质量管理，敏捷开发，测试流程，体系优化西北大学硕士学位论文 III ABSTRACT Quality problems have always been the focus of people. Today, with the rapid development of information technology, software quality issues are related to the development and progress of society. In many current software companies, due to various reasons such as cost and project deadline, we do not pay attention to or pay insufficient attention to software quality management, so the software developed is far from meeting the quality requirements. In such a big environment, a lot of software has only become a display, and it has not played its real role. This paper takes the software quality management system of Z Company's financial business line as the research object, and combines various quality management theories and methods such as Six Sigma and Agile Development to study the status quo of quality management at home and abroad. Based on the related literature review and quality management concepts and models, the status quo and problems of the software quality management system of the business line are analyzed. Z Company's financial business line has a small overall size, and most of its business types are financial-related products. However, due to the particularity of its products and the compactness of its release, there are some problems in quality management, such as the lack of necessary quality. Process inspection, quality management system is not perfect, and knowledge reserves are insufficient. In order to better monitor and improve the quality of software products, this paper proposes to optimize the current software quality management system of Z Company’s financial business line by establishing defect prevention system, quality inspection system and rescue system through deductive induction and qualitative analysis. Finally, develop a plan to truly implement a new quality management system in the project and promote the optimized system to the entire company. Key words: quality management, agile development, test process, system optimization西北大学硕士学位论文 IV 目 录 摘要....................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................................III 目 录................................................................................................................................. IV 第一章 绪论.......................................................................................................................1 1.1 背景和意义.............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 研究思路和论文框架.............................................................................................. 2 1.3 研究内容和研究方法.............................................................................................. 4 1.3.1 研究内容.......................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 研究方法.......................................................................................................... 4 1.4 主要特色和创新...................................................................................................... 5 第二章 软件质量管理的相关理论及文献综述...............................................................6 2.1 质量管理理论概述.................................................................................................. 6 2.1.1 质量管理的概念............................................................................................... 6 2.1.2 质量管理的理论发展....................................................................................... 6 2.2 软件质量管理的概述.............................................................................................. 9 2.2.1 软件质量管理的基本概念.............................................................................. 9 2.2.2 软件质量管理的理论发展.............................................................................. 9 2.2.3 软件质量管理的标准与模型........................................................................ 12 第三章 Z 公司金融业务线软件质量管理的现状及问题分析......................................17 3.1 Z 公司简介..............................................................................................................17 3.2 Z 公司金融业务线质量管理体系的现状..............................................................18 3.2.1 组织架构及职能............................................................................................ 19 3.2.2 软件开发过程................................................................................................ 20 3.2.3 软件评审过程................................................................................................ 21 3.3.4 项目支持过程................................................................................................ 22 3.3 体系存在的问题....................................................................................................22 3.3.1 质量控制流程欠缺........................................................................................ 22西北大学硕士学位论文 V 3.3.2 组织架构不合理............................................................................................ 23 3.3.3 测试流程不完善............................................................................................ 23 3.3.4 文档管理体系缺失........................................................................................ 24 第四章 Z 公司金融业务线软件质量管理体系优化方案设计......................................25 4.1 总体思路................................................................................................................25 4.1.1 设定优化目标................................................................................................. 25 4.1.2 规范测试流程................................................................................................. 25 4.2 质量管理体系优化方案设计................................................................................27 4.2.1 质量过程控制和监督管理优化.................................................................. 297 4.2.2 组织结构优化.............................................................................................. 279 4.2.3 需求管理流程优化........................................................................................ 31 4.2.4 软件测试策略优化........................................................................................ 34 4.2.5 质量管理体系文件管理优化........................................................................ 39 第五章 Z 公司金融业务线软件质量管理体系优化方案的实施..................................40 5.1 实施的目标和原则.........................................