本文以同生精通兴旺煤矿实际地质条件和前期生产情况为研究背景， 采用现场调研和实践、理论分析以及数值计算分析等方法对下部煤层房柱 式开采条件下上覆岩层的活动规律进行了研究，并在此基础上分析上部煤 层受下部煤层房柱式开采的采动影响程度，论证上行开采的可行性。 为全面分析下部煤层不同的房柱式开采对上覆岩层活动规律的影响， 在结合煤矿实际生产情况的基础上，报告运用正交分析原理，考虑到采宽、 留宽等主要因素对煤柱稳定程度以及上覆岩层活动变形的影响，数值模拟 采留比、采宽两因素影响下12号煤层的房柱式开采，在此基础上对上部9号 煤层采用分步开挖进行数值模拟，研究下部煤层房柱式开采以及上行开采 上部煤层过程中，采留比、采宽等因素对房柱式煤柱及其上覆岩层活动变 形的影响。报告的主要研究结果如下， 1. 当采留比在1/2到2范围内时，采宽保持不变，采留比越大，应力越 容易在煤柱上集中，煤柱的稳定性越差，采留比不变，采宽越大（所留煤 柱越宽），煤柱的稳定性越好，承压能力强。上部煤层回采过程中，二次采 动的影响会进一步影响煤柱的稳定性，受到超前支撑压力的作用，处于极 限稳定状态的煤柱容易失稳垮落。 2. 下部煤层房柱式开采后应力形成“增压区”和“卸压区”的交替分 布，使上覆岩层产生不同程度的活动变形；当采留比在1/2到2范围内时， 采宽保持不变，采留比越小，应力交替式分布越明显，采宽内越容易形成 波浪，采宽越大，波浪越明显。受超前支撑压力的影响，上部煤层二次采 动会进一步加剧交替式分布，波浪进一步向上发展。 3. 经过理论分析和数值模拟计算，同生精通兴旺煤矿 9 号煤层处于下太原理工大学硕士研究生学位报告 II 部煤层开采后的裂隙带，在平衡岩层之上，能够形成平衡岩层结构而不发 生台阶错动，可在 12 号煤层房柱式采空区的上部上行开采 9 号煤层。 关键词，房柱式，上覆岩层，上行开采，活动变形，数值模拟太原理工大学硕士研究生学位报告 III STUDY ON UPWARD COAL SEAMS MOVEMENT AND FEASIBILITY OF ASCENDING MINING ON THE CONDITION OF PILLAR MINING ABSTRACT Under the background of the actual geological and pre-production in Tongshengjingtongxingwang coalmine, the use of field research and practice, the method of theoretical analysis and numerical analysis of the activities under the laws of the overburden the lower room and pillar coal mining conditions were studied. Based on this analysis and the upper part of the lower coal seam by the extent of room and pillar mining mining influence, demonstrate the feasibility of upward mining. For a comprehensive analysis of the lower seam different room and pillar mining effects on the overlying strata movement, based on the actual production of coal mine combined, the paper analyzes the use of orthogonal principle, taking into account the mining width, leaving the main factors of coal pillar width, etc. degree of stability and the impact of the activities of the overburden deformation, Numerical Simulation of stay than the two factors affecting mining width on the 12th of room and pillar coal mining, on this basis, on the 9th of the upper coal seam using stepwise numerical simulation of excavation, lower part of the study room and pillar mining and coal mining upper coal seam up the process, leaving more than mining, and other factors affecting mining width of room and pillar coal pillar and the overburden deformation events. The main findings are as follows: 1. When picking stay within 1/2 to 2 ratio range, mining width remains unchanged, mining and reservation ratio, the stress is more likely to focus on coal pillar stability pillar worse than mining remain unchanged , the larger太原理工大学硕士研究生学位报告 IV mining width (the width of coal pillar left), the better the stability of coal pillar, bearing ability. Upper coal seam extraction process, the secondary effects of mining will further affect the stability of the pillar, supported by the leading role of the pressure, in the steady state limit instability of coal pillar collapse easily. 2. The lower part of the room and pillar mining coal seam stress distribution after the formation of booster zone and relief area appear alternately, so that the overburden activities have different degrees of deformation; when mining than stay in the range of 1/2 to 2 when mining width remains unchanged, leaving mining than smaller alternating stress distribution, the more obvious the more easily formed within mining width wave, mining width bigger waves more obvious. Abutment pressure affected the upper secondary coal mining will further exacerbate alternating distribution, further development of the wave up. 3. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, with the students proficient on the 9th booming coal seam fracture zone in the lower coal seam after the balance on rock, rock structure can be formed without the risk level equilibrium dislocation, in the 12th seam upper goaf upstream coal mining on the 9th. KEYWORDS: pillar, upward coal seam, ascending mining, movement and deformation, numerical simulation太原理工大学硕士研究生学位报告 I 目 录 第一章 绪论..............................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景和意义 ..........................................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ..........................................................................................................2 1.2.1 上覆岩层活动规律假说 ....................................................................................2 1.2.2 上覆岩层活动规律预测研究方法 ....................................................................5 1.2.3 国内外上行开采研究现状 ................................................................................7 1.3 研究内容和方法 ........................................................................................................ 11 第二章 上行开采覆岩结构变形规律研究............................................................................13 2.1 研究区概况 ................................................................................................................13 2.1.1 研究区域地质特征 ..........................................................................................13 2.1.2 煤层赋存及开采条件 ......................................................................................14 2.2 上行开采覆岩破坏规律 ............................................................................................17 2.2.1 上行开采覆岩“三带”式结构 ......................................................................17 2.2.2 上行开采围岩平衡结构 ..................................................................................19 2.3 上行开采可行性分析 ................................................................................................21 2.3.1 比值分析法 ......................................................................................................21 2.3.2 “三带”判别法.................................................................................................22 2.3.3 围岩平衡法 ......................................................................................................22 2.3.4 时间间隔判定 ..................................................................................................23 2.4 本章小结 .....................................................................................................................23 第三章 房柱式开采煤柱稳定性研究....................................................................................25 3.1 房柱式煤柱稳定性分析 ............................................................................................25 3.1.1 煤柱应力分布规律 ...........................................................................................25 3.1.2 煤柱应力分布影响因素 ...................................................................................27 3.2 房柱式煤柱破坏机理及稳定性预测 ........................................................................30 3.2.1 房柱式煤柱破坏机理 .......................................................................................30 3.2.2 房柱式煤柱稳定性预测 ...................................................................................33太原理工大学硕士研究生学位报告 II 3.3 房柱式煤柱稳