改革开放以来，中央一直高度关注三农问题，始终把“农业”、“农村”、“农 民”的问题作为国计民生的根本性问题。在当代经济的发展中，助力三农的重要力 量源于金融领域。2016 年，习近平总书记在小岗村调研中强调，要坚持把解决好三 农问题作为全党工作重中之重。面向三农，是党中央、国务院赋予农行的历史使命。 解决农户融资问题，是农行金融服务三农的首要任务。 本文介绍的兴农贷是中国农业银行在农村集体产权制度改革的背景下，基于总 行创新研发的“惠农 e 贷”农户贷款，结合凤阳县小岗村农村集体经济产权改革进 程，将集体资产股权质押作为创新农户贷款“担保物”的切入点、将小岗村集体企 业作为创新银政风险共担模式的着手点，从而研发出的一款农户网络融资产品，也 是国有大中型银行服务“三变”改革创新的首款金融产品。 本文在撰写过程中，参考了国内学者在农户贷款模式、风险等方面的大量文献 资料，归纳研究成果、学习相关理论基础，并借鉴了国外在推进农户贷款方面的成 功经验，以中国农业银行小岗村兴农贷作为案例研究对象。通过案例分析，总结兴 农贷取得的成效，探索发展中存在的问题；在实证分析的基础上，找到风险管理的 关键点，为农业银行在加强兴农贷的风险管理方面提供思路；最后提出政策建议及 研究展望。通过案例研究以期能够推动兴农贷的稳健发展，为其他农业银行在解决 农户融资难的问题上，因地适宜的创新贷款模式提供借鉴经验，也为在推进农村集 体产权制度改革下，优化金融服务三农提供一定的思路。 关键词：中国农业银行；小岗村；兴农贷I ABSTRACT Since the implementation of Reform and Opening-up Policy in China, the central government has been paying close attention to the issues of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and has always regarded them as fundamental factors to the promotion of national economy and people's livelihood. In the development of modern economy, finance is one of the key factors to support the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. In 2016, during the visit to Xiaogang Village, President Xi Jinping stated that development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers is the major focus of the Party, and it is the historical responsiblity of the Agricultural Bank of China to focus its business on the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. It would be the top priority for the Agricultural Bank of China to assist farmers in the money-gaining process. Innovated on the basis of Farmer Assistance Loan, the Agricultural Promotion Loan is introduced in Fengyang County Branch of Agricultural Bank of China, under the background of the rural collective property rights system reform, combined with Xiaogang Village has Three Changes reform practice, collective assets equity pledge as the breakthrough point of the innovation of farmer household loans collateral, will introduce Xiaogang Village has risk-sharing policy of both bank and government as the innovation mode of the starting point, a farmer network finance product development, and also the first financial innovation product in the reform of state-owned large and medium-sized bank Three Changes service. During the compilation of this Paper, the author learned from a large number of literature of domestic scholars in the fields of farmer household loan pattern, related risks and benefits, studied relevant theoretical basis, and drew lessons from foreign successful experiences in promoting farmers loans and select Fengyang County Branch of Agricultural Bank of China as the pilot object as an actual case analysis of detailed loan mode of Agricultural Promotion Loan to summarize the innovation points. On the basis of empirical analysis, the author put deep insight into the problems and causes of Agricultural Promotion Loan, put forward improvement suggestions on existing problems, in order to promote the stable development of Agricultural Promotion Loan. And for other areas of agricultural bank to deal with the problem of financing problems of farmers, the author provide new ideas from place to place in appropriate innovation loan model provides reference experience as well as some ideas for optimizing financial services to agriculture, rural areas and farmers.II KEYWORDS: Agricultural Bank of China; Xiaogang Village;Agricultural Promotion Loan1 目 录 第一章 绪论 ·········································································1 第一节 研究背景与意义········································································ 1 一、研究背景 ··················································································· 1 二、研究意义 ··················································································· 2 第二节 国内外研究现状········································································· 3 一、国外研究现状 ············································································· 3 二、国内研究现状 ············································································· 3 三、文献评述 ··················································································· 4 第三节 研究方法与内容········································································· 5 一、研究方法 ··················································································· 5 二、研究内容 ··················································································· 5 三、研究框架 ··················································································· 6 第四节 创新及不足··············································································· 6 一、创新之处 ··················································································· 6 二、不足之处 ··················································································· 7 第二章 理论基础和相关概念界定················································8 第一节 理论基础·················································································· 8 一、农村金融理论 ············································································· 8 二、信息不对称理论 ·········································································· 9 三、信贷配给理论 ············································································10 第二节 相关概念界定··········································································· 11 一、农户贷款的概念 ········································································· 11 二、农户贷款风险及管理的概念 ··························································