鄂尔多斯盆地是我国国家级能源化工基地，近年来，为加快能源基地建设步伐，鄂尔 多斯盆地地区各省均正在建设或规划了大量煤转油、煤化工开发项目，在这些项目的生产 过程中，不可避免地有大量含盐废水产生。自然蒸发处理煤化工含盐废水是一种比较经济 合理的煤化工废水处理方式，目前这种技术已在鄂尔多斯盆地地区得到应用，但部分蒸发 塘建立后，其自然蒸发的效果并不理想。 为解决这一问题，本文还对典型区含盐废水自蒸发规律进行深入研究，对比了场地自 然蒸发实验获得的理论和实际蒸发量数据，认为与 Dalton 公式相比，Peman 公式计算的 64 天累计理论蒸发量 205.76mm 更接近于实际蒸发量 205.51mm，即在研究区自然蒸发量的计 算过程中，采用 Peman 模型是较为可行的选择，依据其计算的蒸发量较为接近实际蒸发量， 同时 Peman 模型也能基本反映出当地蒸发量的变化趋势。此外，本文还通过对不同稀释程 度含盐废水的蒸发量进行对比，分析了含盐废水的影响因素，认为蒸发率与反应溶液组分 变化的盐度、密度以及 TDS 三个参数的变化大致成线性相关，盐度、密度以及 TDS 越大， 蒸发率越小。同时，本文还引入相对蒸发率的概念，通过气候数据计算相对蒸发率在 0.93 以下，与实验拟合值 0.94 对比差别较大，计算值小于实验值，说明了实验所用原始废水并 非理想溶液，在多种溶质的影响下，实际结果对拉乌尔定律计算的理论值产生了正偏差。 最后，本文在层次分析法和 GIS 空间分析功能的基础上对鄂尔多斯盆地自然蒸发可行性进 行了评价研究，建立了自然蒸发可行性分析的指标体系，对鄂尔多斯盆地煤化工含盐废水 自蒸发处理的可行性进行分区，给出了鄂尔多斯地区自然蒸发可行性区划图，得出了研究 区自然蒸发可行性的空间分布特点。研究结果显示，研究区内完全满足蒸发塘选址要求的 适宜区所占面积很小，大致分布于宁夏同心县韦州镇周边地区、内蒙古自治区乌海市与鄂 托克旗间的部分地区以及陕西省河津市周边地区，仅占研究区总面积的 1.35%。基本满足 蒸发塘选址要求的的较适宜区约占研究区总面积的 53.61%，大致呈条带状分布于研究区 内；且研究区内很大部分地区并不适宜利用蒸发塘的方法处理含盐废水。 本次研究对降低研究区自然蒸发处理选址上的经济风险，避免因选址不当带来的环境 风险具有一定意义，同时也为企业蒸发塘的建设阶段及运行、管理过程提供理论依据，为 当地实现含盐废水的“零排放”或“近零排放”提供了技术支撑。 关键词，含盐废水，自然蒸发处理，可行性分区，自然蒸发规律ABSTRACT Ordos basin is a national energy chemical industry bases of China, in recent years, In recent years, in order to speed up the construction of energy base, all provinces in ordos basin are building or planning a large amount of coal-to-oil and coal chemical industry development project. In the production process of these projects, a large amount of salinity wastewater is inevitably produced. Natural evaporation processing to coal chemical saline wastewater is an economic and reasonable way to treat coal chemical industry wastewater. At present, this technology has been applied in many projects in ordos basin. However, after estabilished, the natural evaporation effect of some evaporation ponds are not ideal. To solve this problem, this paper also deeply studied the evaporation rules of salinity wastewater in typical area, compared the theory and actual evaporation data. It is think that the theory evaporation value (205.76mm) caculated by Peman formula (compared with the formula Dalton) is closer to actual evaporation value (205.51mm). In other words, the Peman model is more feasible choice in the process of calculating natural evaporation of the study area. Evaporation caculated by Peman model is relatively close to the actual evaporation and can basicly reflect the variation of local evaporation trend. In addition, based on comparing the evaporation of salinity wastewater in different dilution degree, this paper also analyzed the influence factors of saline wastewater. It is think that the rate of evaporation and the three parameters (salinity, density and TDS) which reflected the composition change of solution are roughly linearly related. The smaller the parameter, the greater the rate of evaporation. At the same time, this paper also introduced the concept of relative rate of evaporation. It simplified the research process of salinity effect on natural evaporation. We calculated the theory relative rate of evaporation through the climate data and compared it with the experimental fitting values. It is found that there has the difference between the two values and the calculated value ( less than 0.93 ) is smaller than the experimental value (0.94) . It is illustrated that the original wastewater is not an ideal solution. Under the influence of a variety of solute, the actual results has a positive deviation comepared with the theoretical value of raoult's law. Finally, based on the analytic hierarchy process (ahp) and the GIS spatial analysis function, natural evaporation feasibility of the ordos basin is evaluated in this paper. We establishes anindex system of the feasibility analysis of natural evaporation and make a feasibility partition of natural evaporation, gives the feasibility of natural evaporation in ordos region zoning map. As a result,we got the feasibility zoning map of natural evaporation in ordos area and concluded the spatial distribution characteristics of natural evaporation feasibility in study area. Research results show that the area which fully meet the requirements of the evaporation pond is small, general distribute in Weizhou Town of Ningxia Province, some parts between Wuhai and Etuoke of Neimenggu Province and areas surrounding Hejin of Shanxi Province，only accounted for 1.35% of the study area. The area that sub-meet the requirements of the evaporation pond accounted for about 53.61% of the study area, roughly zonal distribution in the study area; However, the unsuitable area is very large, which not suitable for the method of evaporation pond to treat saline wastewater. This study has certain significance on reducting the economic risk of natural evaporation processing in study area and avoiding risks to the environment caused by improper site selection. At the same time, it also provides theoretical basis for management, construction and operation process of evaporation pond of enterprise and provides the local implementation of salinity wastewater zero emissions or near zero emissions with technical support. Keywords: Ordos basin, salinity wastewater, natural evaporation process, natural evaporation rule, feasibility of partition1 目 录 摘要........................................................................................................................................1 目 录.....................................................................................................................................1 第 1 章 绪论...........................................................................................................................1 1.1 选题背景及研究意义..............................................................................................1 1.2 研究现状..................................................................................................................1 1.3 研究目的与内容......................................................................................................3 1.4 研究方法及技术路线..............................................................................................4 第 2 章 研究区概况...............................................................................................................6 2.1 研究区位置..............................................................................................................6 2.2 社会经济概况..........................................................................................................7 2.3 自然地理概况..........................................................................................................8 2.3.1 地形地貌.......................................................................................................8 2.3.2 气候与水文...................................................................................................9 2.4 地质条件................................................................................................................10 2.4.1 地层.................