跨入 21 世纪，人类正在为征服大自然的丰硕成果而陶醉的时候， 大自然反过来严厉地惩罚人类了。在此警钟的提醒下人们认识到了破 坏生态环境的危害性，国内外各界人士纷纷提出了保护生态环境的口 号和一系列对策建议，因而生态环境问题就成为了全球性的问题被人 们所关注了。内蒙古草原生态问题也引起了社会各界人士的注意，他 们从各自的角度提出了不同的看法和保护、恢复、建设内蒙古草原生 态的对策建议，并得到了一定的成就。国家也提出并实施一系列围栏 封育、退耕还林还草、生态移民等工程，也得到了较好的效果，但是 还有些不足。比如，因实施草原生态恢复工程而造成当地居民贫富差 距拉大、传统畜牧业经营方式的转变、传统生活习俗的转变、生活水 平的下降等一系列负面影响。因此，提出并实施既能恢复内蒙古草原 生态又不会给当地农牧民带来负面影响的对策建议是摆在我们面前 的重要任务。 本文中，笔者在前人研究成果的基础上，首先对内蒙古草原、生 态恢复、内蒙古草原生态恢复等相关概念作了界定。然后对在内蒙古 实施草原生态恢复工程以来的结果作分析，并探讨了其产生负面影响 的原因。最后对内蒙古草原生态恢复进行了必要性和可行性分析,并 提出了草原是蒙古民族生命之根、草原是传统游牧文化的存在和发展 空间、草原生态环境的恢复有利于草原畜牧业的可持续发展等必要性 和用蒙古族传统生态文化指导草原生态恢复工作、兼顾生态效益、社 会效益、经济效益的协调发展、草原生态恢复与制度创新相结合等可 行性对策。试图以此来指导草原生态恢复工作,目的是为了给政府和 职能部门提供草原生态恢复的决策依据。 关键词，内蒙古，生态恢复，可行性ABSTRACT After entering 21 st century, when human beings are intoxicated with the achievement of conquering the nature, the nature has given a strict punishment to the human beings in turn. Therefore, human beings have realized the harm of destroying the ecological environment. All circles of people in the world have put forward the watchword of protecting ecological environment and a series of countermeasure suggestion one after another, so the ecological environmental problem has become a global problem which is concerned by people. The grassland’s ecological problem of Inner Mongolia has aroused the attention of all circles of the society and from their own points of view, they have put forward many different ideas and suggestions of protecting, recovering and constructing the Inner Mongolia grassland’s ecology and they have obtained a certain success. The nation has also put forward and actualized a series of projects of pen seal education, retreating the cultivation and returning back the forest and grass and ecological emigrants. This has also gained some success but it is also not enough. For example, the practicing grassland’s ecological recovery project has led to the uneven distribution of wealth of local people and has led to the changes of traditional livestock farming running manner and the changes of the traditional living customs and has led to the declining of living standard etc. these are all the side effects. Therefore, the important duty in front of us is how to put forward and practice a suggestion that can recover the Inner Mongolia grassland’s ecology and will also not bring side effects to the farmers and the herdsmen. In this essay, on the basis of the study achievement of the predecessor, the writer at first has defined the related concepts of the Inner Mongoliagrassland, ecological recovery and Inner Mongolia grassland’s ecological recovery etc. Then, he has analyzed the results of practicing grassland’s ecological recovery project in Inner Mongolia and has discussed the reasons of causing side effects. Finally, he has done a necessary and feasible analysis of Inner Mongolia grassland’s ecological recovery and has put forward many feasible countermeasures. They include that grassland is the life root of Mongolian people, grassland is the existence and developing space of traditional nomadism culture, the grassland’s ecological environmental recovery is beneficial to the development of grassland nomadism, using Mongolian traditional ecological culture to guide the recovery work of grassland’s ecology and the countermeasures also include the giving attention to the harmonious development of ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit, and also include the integration of grassland’s ecological recovery and the system creation. With these methods, people try to guide the recovery work of grassland’s ecology and its aim is to offer a foundation of grassland’s ecological recovery to the government and some functional authorities. Key words: Inner Mongolia,Ecological restoration, Feasible目 录 一、引言…1 （一）、选题的目的1 （二）、文献综述及研究中存在的问题1 （三）、本报告的创新之处…2 （四）、研究的重点、难点2 （五）、研究方法…3 （六）、研究意义…3 二、相关概念界定…4 （一）、内蒙古草原4 （二）、生态恢复…8 （三）、内蒙古草原生态恢复9 三、草原生态恢复工程对当地居民的经济、社会影响11 （一）、围栏封育工程对当地居民的影响…11 （二）、退耕还林还草工程对当地居民的影响…14 （三）、生态移民工程对当地居民的影响…19 四、草原生态恢复的必要性与可行性分析…23 （一）、草原生态恢复的必要性…23 （二）、草原生态恢复的可行性…26 结束语 …32