电力系统规模的扩大以及电力系统控制技术的发展，对各调度系统 以及发电厂和变电站的时间基准都提出了新的要求。实际上，电力系统 内部信息交换量大、状态改变快，只有满足一定的时钟同步精度，才能 对相位比较、故障记录、事件顺序启动等功能给予保障。因此，为了进 一步提高电力系统运行管理水平，满足电力系统快速发展的要求，并提 高对系统的控制能力和故障分析能力，首先必须提供一个统一的系统时 钟，使整个控制系统内部各个站点的时钟保持同步。2002 年出现的 IEEE 1588 精确时间同步协议，特别是它可能达到的高精度和较低的开销为人 们实现特定场所的应用提供了现实可行的途径。 本文首先概述了时间同步的基本概念以及时间同步技术的发展，其 次对 PTP 协议中时钟同步的通信机制、最佳主时钟算法以及 PTP 报文的 收发流程进行了全面系统地分析和研究。在此基础上，结合 PTP 协议本 身时间同步精度高、操作简单、成本低的特点，以及目前所采用的时间 同步技术在电力系统应用中的局限性和存在的问题，分析并指出采用 IEEE 1588 时间同步标准作为电力系统的时间同步方案，不仅可以极大 地提高系统内部各个电力设备之间的同步精度，确保线路故障测距和电网参数校验的准确性，改善电网的故障分析能力和稳定控制水平，而且 可以降低整个时间同步系统的费用，同时也使得系统中时间基准的更换 和升级变得相对简单和容易。 关键词，时间同步，IEEE 1588，PTP，电力系统FEASIBILITY STUDY UPON THE APPLICATION OF IEEE 1588 PRECISION TIME SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOL (PTP) IN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM ABSTRACT The expansion scale of power system and development of control technologies in power system put forward new requirements on time base in power dispatching system as well as power plants and substations. In fact, due to huge information exchange inside power system and rapid state change, only to meet certain precision degree of clock synchronization can we make sure different functions work well in power system, such as the phase comparison, failure track recording, start sequence of different events and so on. Therefore, in order to further improve power system operation management level and to meet the rapid development requirements of power system as well as to improve the system's ability to control and failure analysis capabilities, we must first provide a unified system clock in order to synchronize the clocks distributed in all sites of the internal control system. The occurrence of IEEE 1588 precision time synchronization protocol in 2002 and its high accuracy and low cost provide a practical and feasible way to meet high precision time synchronization applications in certain fields.This paper firstly outlines the basic concepts of time synchronization and development of time synchronization technology, then analyzes and researches the PTP clock synchronization communication mechanism, best master clock algorithm, as well as the PTP messaging and internal events in a comprehensive systematic way. On this basis, taking the PTP time synchronization itself characteristics, such as high precision, simple operation and low cost as well as the current time synchronization technology in the power system applications and the limitations of existing problems into consideration, we analyze and point out that the adoption of IEEE 1588 time synchronization standard as the power system time synchronization scheme can not only greatly improve the time synchronization precision between various electrical equipment within the power system, ensure the accuracy of line fault locating and power parameters checking, improve the fault analysis ability of power grid and stability control level, but also reduce the establishment cost of time synchronization system, as well as make the replacement and upgrading of system time base become relatively simple and easy. Keywords: Time Synchronization, IEEE 1588, PTP, Power System目 录 摘要.....................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................III 第一章 绪论........................................................................................................................1 1.1 引言 ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 课题研究背景 ........................................................................................................ 1 1.3 国内外研究现状 .................................................................................................... 2 1.3.1 应用领域 ...................................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 应用实例 ...................................................................................................... 3 1.4 报告的主要内容介绍 ............................................................................................ 5 第二章 时间同步技术及其发展........................................................................................6 2.1 时间同步技术概述 ................................................................................................ 6 2.2 传统的时间同步 .................................................................................................... 7 2.3 NTP 时间同步技术 ................................................................................................ 7 2.3.1 NTP 的工作模式 .......................................................................................... 8 2.3.2 NTP 的网络体系结构 .................................................................................. 8 2.3.3 NTP 协议的工作原理 .................................................................................. 9 2.4 IEEE 1588 同步协议概述 .................................................................................... 10 2.4.1 IEEE 1588 产生的背景 .............................................................................. 11 2.4.2 IEEE 1588 协议特点 .................................................................................. 11 2.4.3 PTP 协议的基本原理 ................................................................................. 12 2.5 高精度实现同步精度分析 .................................................................................. 13 2.6 本章小结 .............................................................................................................. 16 第三章 IEEE 1588 时钟同步技术研究..........................................................................17 3.1 IEEE 1588 标准规范 ............................................................................................ 17 3.1.1 PTP 通信系统 ............................................................................................. 17 3.1.2 PTP 子域模型 ............................................................................................. 20 3.2 最佳主时钟算法 .................................................................................................. 23 3.2.1 数据集比较算法 ........................................................................................ 23 3.2.2 状态决定算法 ............................................................................................ 253.3 PTP 时钟端口状态管理 ....................................................................................... 26 3.3.1 PTP 协议引擎状态机模型 ......................................................................... 26 3.3.2 时钟端口状态的转换规则 ........................................................................ 29 3.4 PTP 报文管理 ....................................................................................................... 30 3.4.1 报文格式 .................................................................................................... 30 3.4.2 PTP 报文的处理流程 ................................................................................. 31 3.5 本章小结 .............................................................................................................. 38 第四章 时钟同步算法的设计和误差分析......................................................................39 4.1 时钟同步算法 ...................................................................................................... 39 4.1.1 双报文时钟同步模型 ................................................................................. 39 4.1.2 单报文时钟同步模型 ................................................................................ 40 4.2 报文的定时机制 ................................................................................................... 41 4.3 从时钟的同步 ...................................................................................................... 44 4.4 报文时间戳点和内部延迟 .................................................................................. 45 4.5 本章小结 .............................................................................................................. 47 第五章 IEEE1588 在电力系统应用的可行性与方案研究...........................................48 5.1 电力系统时间同步基本概况 .............................................................................. 48 5.2 电力系统对时间同步的需求 .............................................................................. 48 5.3 同步时钟 .............................................................................................................. 49 5.4 电力自动化设备对时方式 .................................................................................. 51 5.5 时间同步方案 ...................................................................................................... 52 5.5.1 主站系统的时间同步方案 ........................................................................ 53 5.5.2 子站系统的时间同步方案 ........................................................................ 54 5.6 IEEE 1588 在电力系统中的应用方案 ................................................................ 56 5.7 本章小结 .............................................................................................................. 61 第六章 总结和展望..........................................................................................................62