城市空间资源日益紧张已经成为了世界性的问题，如何高效率地开发和 利用全新的城市空间资源更是得到了各国政府的高度重视。改革开放以来， 随着我国政府对全球时代发展主题认识的变化，特别是社会主义市场经济体 制建设日益完善的背景下，地方政府更是高度重视人防工程的多元化开发利 用及监督管理的调整。近年来，哈尔滨市政府为进一步缓解老城区、人口密 集区域的公共活动、交通出行、货物仓储、商业交易等方面的巨大压力，政 府管理部门联合人民防空办公室积极探索和开发利用人防工程的空间资源， 在始终坚持“平战结合”原则背景下，充分开发人防工程的经济效益、社会 公益化效益，并且不断提升人防工程的科学管理水平。但是，由于特殊历史 时期形成的传统体制性管理机制障碍，也导致政府管理部门对人防工程的多 元化开发管理利用出现了显著矛盾及问题，还需要专业的管理人士进行研究 和解决。 本文运用文献资料法、案例分析法、定性分析法等研究方法，综合运用 委托代理理论、公共选择理论、理论选择理论，结合国外民防工程的建设与 开发管理经验，确定本研究的理论基础与切入点。随后，本文通过对哈尔滨 市人防工程基本概况、多元化开发利用管理沿革进行梳理与分析，结合专家 定性分析结果，深入分析平战结合、日常管理维护、商业化开发、社会公益 化开发管理四个维度存在的问题，深入的研究和总结人防工程多元化开发利 用管理机制存在问题的根源。借鉴广州、上海、北京等样本城市人防工程管 理机制存在的共性问题并作为研究参照，提出了完善哈尔滨人防工程多元化 开发利用管理机制的对策，即进一步改进人防部门管理思路、多元化开发管 理法治策略、多元化开发管理组织机制优化、多元化开发利用投融资机制改 进、提升人防工程社会公益化开发利用管理效益。希望能够在成型的人防工 程管理机制体系的影响下，帮助哈尔滨市人防工程融入城市形态的发展，强 化人防工程与地面整体建设的联系，推动人防、建筑、城市、环境之间的有 机融合，最终达到战备效益、经济效益与社会效益的多重共赢局面。 关键词：人防工程；平战结合；多元化开发；管理机制哈尔滨工业大学工商管理硕士学位论文 - II - Abstract At present, our government is more and more positive about the theme of peaceful development, especially the gradual perfection of socialist market economy system. Harbin municipal government attaches great importance to the diversified development and utilization of civil air defense project and supervision and management adjustment. On the premise of ensuring the basic functions of civil air defense engineering in wartime, strengthening the diversified development and management level of civil air defense engineering, through the construction of subway system, underground expressway, large underground complex, underground logistics and management corridor system, Fully explore and develop the economic benefits of civil air defense projects, combat readiness and social benefits of the collection. Civil air defense engineering management has become an important subject of civil air defense department and government administration . This paper uses the methods of literature, case analysis, qualitative analysis and so on, synthesizes the principal-agent theory, the public choice theory, the theory choice theory, the foreign civil defense engineering construction and the development management experience. Determine the theoretical basis and breakthrough point of this study. Subsequently, this paper combs and analyzes the basic situation of Harbin civil air defense project, the history of diversified development and management, combined with the qualitative analysis results of experts, deeply analyzes the combination of peacetime and war, daily management and maintenance, and commercial development. The problems existing in four dimensions of social commonweal development and management, and the in-depth study and summary of the existence of diversified development and management mechanism of civil air defense engineering. The root of the problem Referring to the common problems existing in the civil air defense engineering management mechanism in Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing and other sample cities, and as a reference for research, the paper puts forward some countermeasures to perfect the diversified development and management mechanism of Harbin civil air defense project, that is, to further implement the哈尔滨工业大学工商管理硕士学位论文 - III - peacetime and war transition mechanism. We should perfect the relevant laws and regulations, change the daily management functions of civil air defense projects, standardize the management of commercial investment and management of civil air defense projects, and enhance the efficiency of the development and utilization of civil air defense projects for the public good. It is hoped that under the influence of the formed civil air defense engineering management mechanism system, it can help Harbin civil air defense project to integrate into the development of urban form, and strengthen the connection between civil air defense engineering and the overall construction of the ground. To promote the organic integration of people, architecture, city and environment, and finally to achieve the win-win situation of wartime benefit, commercial benefit and social public benefit. Keywords: Civil air defense engineering, combination of peacetime and war, diversified development, management mechanism哈尔滨工业大学工商管理硕士学位论文 - IV - 目 录 摘要...............................................................................................................................I Abstract..........................................................................................................................II 第 1 章 绪论................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景及意义.................................................................................................1 1.1.1 研究背景.......................................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究意义.......................................................................................................2 1.2 国内外研究现状及分析.................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 国外研究现状..............................................................................................2 1.2.2 国内研究现状..............................................................................................3 1.2.3 国内外研究评述..........................................................................................5 1.3 研究方法与结构.................................................................................................5 1.3.1 研究方法.......................................................................................................5 1.3.2 研究内容和结构..........................................................................................6 1.4 本章小结..............................................................................................................7 第 2 章 哈尔滨市人防工程多元化开发利用管理机制的问题分析.....................9 2.1 人防工程多元化开发利用管理的相关概述..................................................9 2.1.1 人防工程的基本概念................................................................................. 9 2.1.2 人防工程功能演化及特殊性.................................................................. 10 2.1.3 人防工程多元化开发利用概述..............................................................11 2.2 哈尔滨市人防工程多元化开发利用的基本情况.......................................13 2.2.1 哈尔滨市人防工程概况...........................................................................13 2.2.2 哈尔滨市人防工程管理机制发展沿革.................................................15 2.2.3 哈尔滨市人防工程多元化开发利用管理概况....................................19 2.2.4 哈尔滨市人防工程多元化开发利用管理的动力分析....................... 21 2.3 人防工程多元化开发利用管理现状的定性分析.......................................21 2.3.1 确定定性评价指标体系及权重..............................................................21 2.3.2 定性评价方法步骤....................................................................................24 2.4 人防工程