奶业是农业现代化发展的标志性产业，是强壮国民素质的重要产业，也是关系 经济发展的关键产业。呼伦贝尔地区地处国际公认的“奶牛生长带”，又被国家确 定为发展奶业优势区，有着发展奶业得天独厚的优势。但是由于国民对食品安全的 担忧和国外优质乳制品的冲击，近年来呼伦贝尔地区乳制品市场持续下行，大量乳 制品企业和奶户退出市场，迫切需要提高乳制品生产效率，提高乳品的市场竞争 力，提高乳品生产效益。 本文采用 DEA 方法对 H 集团上游原料奶供应商的生产效率进行分析，研究了 H 集团上游原料奶供应商所涉及的奶牛小区、奶牛合作社和规模化牧场三种生产模 式的效率，研究结果表明规模化牧场的生产效率最高，奶牛小区和奶牛合作社生产 效率效率稍低。生产效率较低一方面表现为规模效率较低，导致综合技术效率较低 （B、E 养殖场），另一方面表现为纯技术效率和规模效率都较低，从而导致综合 技术效率较低（C、F 养殖场）。为了提高原料奶供应商的生产效率，建议奶牛小区 和奶牛合作社应当学习规模化牧场的优势，采用科学化、规模化、标准化方式养 殖，提高奶牛养殖技术和管理水平，减少投入冗余，提高生产效率，达到增产增收 的目的。最后论文从H集团、原料奶供应商、政府三个角度提出提高原料奶生产效 率的建议。 关键词：H 集团； 原料奶供应商；数据包络分析； 生产效率；呼伦贝尔内蒙古工业大学硕士学位论文 II ABSTRACT Dairy industry is the landmark industry of agricultural modernization development, an important industry to strengthen national quality, and also a key industry related to economic development. Hulunbuir area is located in the internationally recognized cow growth belt, and is also identified as the dominant area of dairy industry development by the state. It has unique advantages in the development of dairy industry. However, due to the national concerns about food safety and the impact of foreign high-quality dairy products, in recent years, the dairy market in Hulunbuir region has continued to decline, and a large number of dairy enterprises and dairy households have withdrawn from the market. There is an urgent need to improve the production efficiency of dairy products, improve the market competitiveness of dairy products and improve the efficiency of dairy production. This paper uses DEA method to analyze the production efficiency of raw milk suppliers in the upstream of H Group, and studies the efficiency of three production modes of raw milk suppliers in the upstream of H Group: dairy district, dairy cow cooperative and large-scale pasture. The results show that the production efficiency of large-scale pasture is the highest, while that of dairy District and dairy cow cooperative is slightly lower. On the one hand, the production efficiency is low, which leads to low comprehensive technical efficiency (B farm), on the other hand, the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency are low, which leads to low comprehensive technical efficiency (A, C, E, F farm). In order to improve the production efficiency of raw milk suppliers, it is suggested that dairy plots and cow cooperatives should learn the advantages of large-scale pasture, adopt scientific, large-scale and standardized breeding methods, improve dairy farming technology and management level, reduce investment redundancy, improve production efficiency, and achieve the purpose of increasing production and income. Finally, the paper puts forward suggestions to improve the production efficiency of raw milk from three perspectives of H Group, raw milk suppliers and the government. KEY WORDS ： H Group; raw milk supplier; Data Envelopment Analysis; breeding efficiency; Hulunbeier内蒙古工业大学硕士学位论文 III 目 录 摘要 .............................................................I ABSTRACT .......................................................... II 第一章 绪论 ........................................................1 1.1 研究背景及意义 ............................................. 1 1.1.1 研究背景 ............................................... 1 1.1.2 研究意义 ............................................... 2 1.2 国内外研究现状 ............................................. 2 1.2.1 国外研究现状 ........................................... 2 1.2.2 国内研究现状 ........................................... 3 1.3 研究内容 ................................................... 5 1.4 研究方法与技术路线 ......................................... 6 1.4.1 研究方法 ............................................... 6 1.4.2 技术路线 ............................................... 7 第二章 相关概念及理论 ..............................................8 2.1 原料奶生产组织模式 ......................................... 8 2.1.1 原料奶 ................................................. 8 2.1.2 生产组织模式 ........................................... 8 2.1.3 原料奶生产组织模式 ..................................... 8 2.2 效率 ....................................................... 9 2.2.1 企业技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率 ..................... 9 2.2.2 效率的测量方法 ........................................ 11 2.2.3 参数法 ................................................ 11 2.2.4 非参数法 .............................................. 12 2.3 DEA 方法理论基础 ........................................... 12 第三章 H 集团上游原料奶生产现状....................................15 3.1 H 集团简介 ................................................. 15 3.2 H 集团原料奶供应商发展现状 ................................. 17 3.3 H 集团所处的市场环境 ....................................... 17 3.4 H 集团上游原料奶供应商生产与供应中存在的问题 ............... 20 3.4.1 人才科技支撑不足 ...................................... 20 3.4.2 不同组织模式生产效率和质量存在明显差异 ................ 21 3.4.3 原料奶生产积极性严重受挫 .............................. 21内蒙古工业大学硕士学位论文 IV 3.4.4 外部因素对原料奶生产影响较大...........................22 3.4.5 粪污处理设施不完善.....................................22 3.4.6 生产与供应链松散.......................................22 第四章 基于 DEA 的上游原料奶生产效率评估............................23 4.1 数据说明与评价指标体系的建立...............................23 4.1.1 数据来源...............................................23 4.1.2 指标的选取.............................................23 4.1.3 变量选取...............................................23 4.2 H 集团上游原料奶生产投入产出基础数据的收集与整理 ...........24 4.3 DEA 计算结果 ...............................................28 4.4 H 集团原料奶供应商总体效率值分析 ...........................30 4.4.1 纯技术效率比较.........................................30 4.4.2 规模效率比较...........................................31 4.4.3 综合技术效率比较.......................................33 第五章 提高 H 集团原料奶生产效率的对策建议..........................37 5.1 供应商效率提升思路.........................................37 5.2 供应商效率提升方案.........................................38 5.2.1 整体方案...............................................38 5.2.2 具体提升方案...........................................39 5.3 H 集团和政府方面的建议 .....................................41 5.3.1 H 集团方面 .............................................42 5.3.2 政府方面...............................................43