1. Later SchoolStart Times in theUnited States Tis economicanalysis of auniversal 8:30 a.m.start time suggestedthat delaying schoolstart times is acost-efective policychange, which couldhave a signifcantimpact on publichealth and the U.S.economy. MORE AT/t/RR2109 R A N D P i c k s F i v e1: AD APTE D FR OM H OCU S-FO CUSANDNER THUZ /GET TY IM AGES ; 2: S I-GA L/GE TTYIMAG ES; 3 : SPO NDY LOLI THES IS/GE TTYIMAG ES; 4 : U.S . AIRFOR CE G RAPH IC; 5 : TRA FFIC _AN ALYZ ER/G ETTYIMA GES 2. Te Getting ToOutcomes Guidefor CommunityEmergencyPreparedness GTO is a user- friendly, ten- step process forcomprehensiveplanning,implementation,and evaluationof programsand communityinitiatives. Tis toolcan help preparepopulations to copewith disruptions andlessen the burdenon systems andhospitals. MORE AT/t/TL259 3. Lessons fromCuba’s Health CareSystem Te United States’high health carecosts do not yieldcorresponding healthoutcomes for itscitizens. Conversely,Cuba, with lessthan a tenth of U.S.expenditures, hasattained comparableoutcomes onmany indicators,particularly lifeexpectancy andinfant mortality. MORE AT/ b171006cuba 4. HypersonicMissileNonproliferation RAND expertswarn that there isprobably less than adecade available tosubstantially hinderthe proliferationof hypersonicmissiles—a newclass of militarythreat capable ofmaneuvering andfying faster than5,000 kilometers perhour. MORE AT/v170927 5. CannabisLegalization inCanada: Prices,Taxes, andInternationalImplications Beau Kilmer,codirector of theRAND Drug PolicyResearch Center,presented testimonybefore the House ofCommons of CanadaStanding Committeeon Health inSeptember 2017. MORE AT/t/CT481 2 4 BOOKTOOL BLOG VIDEO TESTIMONY5 GETTING TO OUTCOMES13 2 NewsRANDresearchers visitpost-hurricanePuerto Rico 3 Research Briefy Delivery drones andteenage drug use4 Te Q&ASusanMarquis, RAND’sdistinguished chairin policy analysis, onher new book on anAmerican agriculturaltransformation12 Life DuringWartimeRANDresearchers usedsatellite data tolook inside theIslamic State andunderstand how itgoverns January–February 2018 20GivingSupporting RAND It’s a familyafair 21 at RANDomAninterplanetaryall-star 18ConveningCelebrating RAND’s 70-year partnershipwith the U.S. Air Force 6 Investing Early Early childhoodprograms canmake a bigdiference inyoung lives 16 VoicesRANDEurope’sBarbara Jantaon the Britishapproach tofree child careRREVIEWRR Satellite data allowedresearchers to visualizenighttime lighting in citiesunder Islamic State control.This image shows the Iraqicity of Mosul in 2014, justbefore the Islamic State tookover. The image on the covershows Mosul in March 2016,under Islamic State control,when nighttime lighting hadfallen by 55 percent. COVE R IM AGEANDTHISPAG E, TO P: NA TION AL O CEAN IC AN D AT MOS PHER IC AD MINI STRA TION , VIS IBLEINFR AREDIMA GINGRAD IOME TER S UITE(VIIR S) CORPORATION RRRREVIEWJANUARY–FEBRUARY 2018OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS. EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS. WWW.RAND RAND BOARD OF TRUSTEES KAREN ELLIOTT HOUSE (chair), BONNIE G. HILL (vice chair), BARBARABARRETT, CARL BILDT, RICHARD J. DANZIG, KENNETH R. FEINBERG,MALA GAONKAR, MALCOLM GLADWELL, MICHAEL GOULD, PEDROJOS GREER, JR., CHUCK HAGEL, JOEL Z. HYATT, LIONEL C. JOHNSON,ANN MCLAUGHLIN KOROLOGOS, PHILIP LADER, MICHAEL E. LEITER,JAMES B. LOVELACE, PETER LOWY, MICHAEL LYNTON, SOLEDADO’BRIEN, GERALD L. PARSKY, MARY E. PETERS, DAVID L. PORGES,DONALD B. RICE, MICHAEL D. RICH, LEONARD D. SCHAEFFERTRUSTEES EMERITI HAROLD BROWN, FRANK C. CARLUCCI EDITORIALSteve Baeck, Manager Corporate CommunicationsDESIGNDori Gordon Walker PRODUCTIONTodd Duft CIRCULATIONNora Pasco LETTERSSend letters to RAND REVIEW, 1776Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, or e-mailletters@rand PERMISSIONSFor information about using materialpublished in RAND REVIEW, visit /publications/permissions/ COPIESFor hard copies of RAND REVIEW, call(877) 584-8642 (toll free) or (310) 451-7002 (outside the United States); senda fax to (412) 802-4981; or e-mail order@rand REPORTS RAND reports are available onrand for free PDF download or can be purchased as hard copies.RAND e-books are also available for Amazon’s Kindle, Apple’s iBooks,and for most other popular e-book platforms. SEARCHRAND documents can be searchedby author, title, and category at /pubsCopyright 2018 RAND Corporation R is a registered trademark.U.S.ARM Y PH OTOBY P FC. C HENE LLE B RAD Y; IN SET:LUCA S JAC KSON /REU TERSPICT URES On the Ground in Puerto Rico Two weeks after Hurricane Maria ragedacross Puerto Rico, leveling entire neigh- borhoods and flling the streets with food- waters, a small team of RAND researcherslanded on the island. Tey were there to assess the federal andmilitary response to one of the most in- tense Atlantic storms ever recorded. Whatthey found was a humanitarian disasterthat had quickly overwhelmed local andstate emergency responders and forcedFEMA and the Department of Defense toreact more rapidly and with a larger efortthan anticipated. Te researchers—Bryan Boling, KennethGirardini, and Ryan Schwankhart—allwork with the RAND Arroyo Center, a fed- erally funded research and developmentcenter within RAND’s Army ResearchDivision. Center director Timothy Bondsreached out to the Army within daysof the hurricane’s landfall to volunteerRAND experts and expertise. Te researchers saw evidence of Maria’spower as they few into Puerto Rico in earlyOctober: roofs torn away, dark neighbor- hoods with no power. Tey spent nearlya week at the convention center in SanJuan, observing the response frominside the Army’s makeshift head- quarters there. Boling and Eric Larson,a senior policy researcher at RAND, returned to the island in November toconduct additional interviews. In most disasters, a state governorrequests federal assistance whenthe damage exceeds local and stateresponse capabilities. Te state thenestablishes what it needs, and federalresponders attempt to meet thoserequirements. After Maria, though,Puerto Rico’s emergency-managementsystem was itself struggling to getinformation. Tat forced the common- wealth, the federal responders, andthe military to adapt their plans andprocedures to meet the island’s needsunder extraordinary circumstances. Tat meant the Army would needto play a much bigger role than itusually does. Te Defense Depart- ment and FEMA had trained for such acombined response, but those occasionaltraining drills had not prepared either ofthem for what they faced in Puerto Rico.Teir roles, authorities, and prioritieswere sometimes in confict, the research- ers found. It also wasn’t initially clearthey were efectively sharing information,although that had improved when theresearchers returned a month later. Te Arroyo Center is now compiling thoseon-the-ground observations into a seriesof studies for the Army, with recommen- dations to smooth its response to futuredisasters.News 2 RAND|JANUARY–FEBRUARY2018Research U.S.ARM Y PH OTOBY P FC. C HENE LLE B RAD Y; IN SET:LUCA S JAC KSON /REU TERSPICT URES What’s the Buzz AboutDelivery DronesTe future of package delivery might sound a little less likethe rumble of a truck, and a little more like the electricwhine of a pint-sized delivery drone. Tose little drones won’t work for everything; you won’t seerefrigerators or pianos buzzing through the air anytimesoon. But if delivery companies could put their smallestpackages on drones instead of trucks, RAND research sug- gests, they could put a small dent in their gas consumptionand air pollution. Researchers modeled a day of deliveries around Minneap- olis, Minn., but with packages weighing fve pounds or lesscarried by drones instead of trucks. Tose smaller pack- ages represented about 20 percent of the day’s deliveries,and taking them of the road freed the trucks from nearly500 miles of delivery trips. Tat would save about50 gallons of diesel fuela day, the researchersestimated, even assum- ing the trucks were energy-efcient hybrids. Te drones would run entirely onelectricity, and