摘要
作为人们膳食结构中动、植物蛋白以及食用植物油的重要来源，大豆在世界农
业生产和人们日常生活中占有重要的地位。中国作为大豆的原产国，曾经是世界最
重要的大豆生产国和出口国。但是进入二十世纪九十年代之后，这种状况发生了根
本的变化。从1996年开始，中国已由大豆净出口国转变成大豆净进口国，近年来不
得不越来越多的进口大豆来满足国内的需求。

本文首先回顾了中国大豆进出口的历史和现状，然后采用计量经济学的方法，
在现实数据的基础上，分析我国大豆的进口量与哪些因素有显著的相关关系，是什
么直接造成了我国大豆进口量的不断增加。然后通过与我国进口大豆最大的来源国
一一美国的比较，进一步分析导致我国大豆日益失去国际竞争力，从而进口不断增加
的更深层次的原因。文章最后分析了大豆大量进口对我国大豆产业所造成的影响，
从中可以看出采取措施发展我国的大豆产业、增强其竞争力的必要性与紧迫性，并
结合造成我国大豆失去竞争力的原因提出了相应的政策建议。

关键词：进口；大豆产业；比较优势

Abstract
As a major source of animal protein、albumen and edible vegetable oil in
consumer’s diet structure，∞ybeans play all important part both in the agrjcultural
production area and in our daily life．As the original country of soybeans，China
once was the most important soybean producing and exporting country throughout
the world．But after entering the 1990s，this situation changed dramatically．Since
1996，China has changed into net importing country from net exporting country of
soybeans，and China became more and more dependent on importing soybeans in
order to satisfy the domestic demand these years．
This paper reviews the historical and present conditions about soybeRa import and
export in China at the hegianing．In the next part，we try to find out the factors that
are directly related to the import quantity of Soybeans and lead to the increase of
soybean import by using the econometrics method based on the statistical datum．
Then through the comparison with the U．S，which is the biggest soybean import
country for China，we analyze the inner reasons that make our domestic soybeans
less competitive in the world market and thus we import more from foreign countries．
In the next part of the paper，we analyze the impact of import on our soybean
industry to show the necessity and urgency of taking me硒urcs to improve the
competitiveness of our domestic soybeans．In the end，we put forward some
suggestions on how to develop our SOyhean industry according to the reasons
discussed above．
Keywords：import；SOyhean industry；competitive advantage