摘要
在劳动力、原材料、各类资源环境成本不断攀升,人民币升值的大环境下,低成本时
代渐行渐远。对于依赖低成本生存发展,处于产业链低端的中小企业而言,做实业变得越
来越难,尤其在面对发达国家的“再工业化”的新趋势,中小企业将面临新一轮的冲击。随
着中小企业对社会经济发展的作用日趋明显,政府对中小企业的发展已给予足够重视,但
中小企业的发展不能仅仅依靠政府的支持,现实情况也表明,政府对中小企业的支持依旧
是杯水车薪,应该从中小企业自身发展来解决问题,中小企业在内部管理、人力资源管理、
品牌战略、市场营销、企业文化等方面皆存在着不足,缺乏核心竞争力。尤其在江苏苏北
地区,中小企业面临的发展困境更加明显,现有的文献对某个县域的中小企业构建核心竞
争力的研究较少,文章将选取苏北射阳县X公司为研究对象,研宄中小企业构建核心竞争
力过程中存在的制约因素,并提出计对性的对策建议
首先,用生命周期理论、钻石理论对中小企业核心竞争力进行理论分析,认为处于不
同发展阶段的中小企业应该从不同角度构建核心竞争力,中小企业的竞争力要素分为四个
关键因素(生产要素、国内市场需求、关联与支持性产业、企业战略与竞争性对手)与两个
辅助因素(机会、政府)。其次,对X公司的内外部环境进行分析,包括:对射阳社会经
济发展作简介,射阳中小企业现状,射阳各类型企业现状、射阳中小企业发展现状、中小
企业发展的环境优势。再者,对射阳县X公司构建核心竞争力的优势与制约因素进行分析
射阳县X公司在构建核心竞争力的过程中,存在着优势因素,包括一些外在的环境优势、
发展理念的优势。但在现实构建过程中,一方面宏观经济环境不佳、社会服务体系不完善、
集群化优势不明显、融资困难等不利的外部环境都制约着X公司核心竞争力的构建;另一
方面企业自身发展的缺陷也制约着X公司核心竞争力的构建,表现在以下几方面:用人唯
亲,管理模式落后;低价厮杀,企业战略失误;领导独权,企业文化缺失;眼界短视,
缺乏长期考虑;多元经营,外包思想缺失;信息不足,未重视互联网
在分析的基础之上,提出对策建议,X公司在构建核心竞争力过程中应该重视人才,
完善用人机制;质量为本,争取互利共赢;柔性管理,优化企业文化;诚信经营,中小企
业联盟;忧患意识,重视长期发展;集中优势,重视外包思想;平台创新,善利用互联网
关键词:射阳县;X公司;核心竞争力
Abstract
With the cost of labor,raw materials,all kinds of resources continue to rise and the
appreciation of RMB,low cost era will fade gradually.The small and medium-sized enterprises
which rely on low cost to survive and are in the low end of industrial chain become more and
more difficult to do industry.Especially in the face of the“ reindustrialization of developed
countries', small and medium-sized enterprises will face a new round of shock. As the role of
SMEs economic and social development is becoming more and more obvious, the government
has give more and mire attention to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, but
the development of small and medium-sized enterprises can not only rely on the support of the
government, the reality shows that the government's support for SMEs is an utterly inadequate
measure.Consequently, solving the problem of small and medium-sized enterprises should find
the methods from their own aspects.In the aspect of internal management, human resources
management, brand strategy, marketing, corporate culture and other aspects,small and
medium-sized enterprises are all insufficient,which result in the lack of core competitiveness.
Especially in the north of Jiangsu,development difficulties faced by small and medium
enterprises are more obvious.But now less research has been done on the construction of core
competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises about a county, this paper will select
Sheyang County' small and medium-sized enterprises as the research object and analyzes the
restricting factors existing in the process of building the core competitiveness of small and
medium-sized enterprises and puts forward some specific countermeasures and suggestions.
Firstly,based on “life cycle theory and “diamond theory”,a theoretical analysis on the core
competence of the small and medium-sized enterprises will be done. Which shows that at
different stages of development,small and medium-sized enterprises should construct core
competence from different angles. Competitive factors of small and medium-sized enterprises
were divided into four key factors(production, domestic market demand,related and supporting
industries, corporate strategy and competitive rivals) and two secondary factors (opportunity,
government). Secondly, analyze the present inner and outside situation of industryX,including a
brief introduction to Sheyang's social and economic development, the present situation of
Sheyang' various types of enterprise, the development environment of Sheyang's small and
medium-sized enterprise and the present situation of research sample. Furthermore, analyze the
advantages and restrictive factors of enterprises X in Sheyang county to build the core
competitiveness. In the process of constructing the core competence, enterprise X have some
advantage factors, such as some external environmental advantages and the attention on the
competence of the enterprises,which reflect in the small and medium-sized enterprises take
integrity as the consensus, some developing enterprises emphasize “quality-oriented”,the
developed enterprises stress technology for soul,the concept of people-oriented, social
responsibility has been given more attention. But in the real construction process, on the one
hand, external environment is adverse,such as the adverse macro economic environment,
imperfect social service system and unobvious cluster advantage are all restricting the
construction of core competitiveness of enterprise X; on the other hand,defects on the
development of internal enterprise also restrict the construction of core competitiveness of
enterprise X,such as: depend on nepotism, backward management model; price fighting,
mistakes of enterprise strategic; leadership alone power, lack of enterprise culture; the lack of
credit, blocked enterprise financing; short-sighted vision, the lack of long-term considerations;
diversified management, outsourcing thoughtlessness; lack of information, pay no attention to
the Internet
On the basis of the analysis,put forward the countermeasure and suggestion, enterpriseX
should pay great attention to the talents, improve the employment mechanism; base on the
quality, strive for a win-win result; flexible management, optimization of enterprise culture;
stress faith management, build the alliance of small and medium-sized enterprises; be conscious
of h紅dship,pay attention to long-term development; focus on the advantages of outsourcing, pay
attention to ideological platform innovation, make full use of the Internet.
Key Words: Small and Medium-sized enterprises;Core Competence;Life Cycle Theory;Diamond
Theory