作为促进知识从大学向孵化企业转移的重要合作与推动机制,大学科技园是

区域经济发展的主要创新源泉之一,然而大学科技园在孵化新企业、促进地区经

济增长和增加就业的过程中还有许多问题亟待解决,这就使大学科技园成为了学

术界的一个新兴的研究热点,吸引了许多学者加入到其研究行列。而国内学者的

研究主要把关注点聚焦于大学科技园的历史现状、功能定位、运行模式、绩效评

价及政策建议等方面,很少有文献从价值增值的角度来研究大学科技园的孵化效

率。

本文首先对与大学科技园有关的理论基础和相关文献进行了综述和探讨。借

鉴国外文献,把价值增值引入中国大学科技园孵化效率的评价研究中,指出大学

科技园的孵化绩效主要体现在提高新企业存活率、财富创造和增加就业三个方面。

论文第3章以我国65家大学科技园为样本,运用随机前沿分析(SFA)方法,

分别测量大学科技园在孵化新企业、推动区域经济增长和增加就业三个维度的孵

化效率。结果显示:中国大学科技园在增加就业维度的孵化效率相对较高,而孵

化新企业和推动区域经济增长这两维度的孵化效率相对较低。其中,孵化新企业

主要靠孵化基金的拉动,而创造社会经济贡献和增加就业主要靠场地面积的带动。

但是总体而言,我国大学科技园在三个维度的孵化效率偏低,这可能与我国大学

科技园现阶段还没有形成优秀的管理团队、缺乏孵化基金和中介服务机构、基础

设施使用不合理等因素有关。

第4章是以三个维度的效率为变量进行的聚类分析。结果表明:我国大学科

技园可划分为全能高效型、经济导向型、就业导向型和孵化导向型四类;并分别

探讨了不同类型大学科技园的内涵、特征以及孵化效率提升的方向和思路。

第5章是对西南交通大学科技园和深圳虚拟大学科技园两个案例所作的比较

分析,以探究大学科技园的演化趋势及导致两代大学科技园孵化效率差异原因。

结果显示:中国的大学科技园经历了从第一代向第二代、从结构洞到社会资本催

化剂的转变,第二代大学科技园更加强调通过建立虚拟网络帮助在孵企业培育社

会资本,从而获得竞争优势,提高其孵化效率。

关键词:大学科技园价值增值孵化效率演化趋势

Abstract

ABSTRACT

As an important mechanism to stimulate knowledge from universities to firms,

University Science Parks (USPs) provide a vital resource network for the survival of

new venture, wealth creation and job generation. In this paper, we investigate the effi

ciency of USPs from the perspective of value-added contribution to analyze how to

strengthen the rational allocation of resources and the skill of management of USPs

under continuous extension scale and how to promote the value-added contribution of

USPs, and we also expect to provide a new avenue for further research of USPs.

Foreign scholars focus on the value-added contribution of USPs to tenant, such as

enhancement of the founding and the high growth of tenants, improvement of the

transfer of knowledge to firms and encouragement of economic development in de

prived and depressed localities, while in contrast, Chinese scholars focus on the effi

ciency of USPs, they often build an evaluation model to assess the efficiency of USPs

and rely on measurement method to evaluate the efficiency. However, it is difficult to

assess the impact and effectiveness of USPs because of the diversity of objectives and

expectations of stakeholders (Monck et al., 1988) and the difficulties of measuring the

relevant performance criteria (Siegel et al., 2003a).

Based on the data of 65 USPs in China,we apply an evaluation model to assess

the efficiency of USPs. Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis, this study measures the

efficiency of survival, wealth creation and job generation of USPs. The results suggest

that the overall efficiency of USPs is not high, mainly because of the lack of fond, the

unreasonable usage of infrastructure, the shortage of service intermediaries and the

low the level of management.

Moreover, built upon the three dimensions of efficiency, this article conducts

Cluster Analysis on the efficiency to categorize Chinese USPs into four typologies:

multi-superior, incubation orientation, wealth orientation and job orientation. The re

sults also indicate the increase of survival rate relies on the increase of incubation

fund, and the increase of wealth creation and job generation depends on the improve

ment of physical infrastructure; and the paper distinguishes the differences and the

directions of promoting the value-added contribution of four types USPs.

With the comparison of National Science Park of Shenzhen Virtual University

and National Southwest Jiaotong University Science Park, we hope to find the evolu-

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