摘要
小额贷款公司的设立不仅能够对广大小企业、个体户等提供贷款
支持,并且对完善我国金融体系结构,促进我国市场经济健康发展起
到不可替代作用。我国的小额贷款行业起步较晚,其发展管理存在诸
多困难。如何在目前我国的市场环境下,提升小额贷款公司的风险管
理实力,保障其持续健康经营,是关系到小额贷款公司发展前景的重
要课题。本文正是在这一背景下,对娄底市汇丰小额贷款公司的风险
管理问题进行了研究,分析出其发展过程中所存在的风险,并对其风
险原因进行分析,结合理论与国内外实践经验,为娄底市汇丰小额贷
款公司的风险管理提供相应的建议,也为其他类似的小额贷款公司提
供一定的参考。
本文首先对国内外相关研究现状进行分析的基础上,对相关的理
念进行了研究,包括小额贷款的基本概念、特点;信贷风险管理理论,
包括信贷风险的类型,真实票据理论、资本转换理论等,以及金融机
构信贷风险管理的主要做法等。对娄底市汇丰小额贷款公司风险管理
现状进行了分析,包括公司介绍、风险管理机制、流程等,并指出了
目前汇丰公司风险管理上的问题,包括小额贷款产品设计上存在一定
的局限性,包括贷款成本压力较大,重发展、轻风险管理的思想较为
普遍,贷前、贷中、贷后管理中的问题,公司自身也面临着融资难的
问题等。由于国外小额贷款公司具有较长的发展历程,积累了较为丰
富的经验,因此本文对孟加拉格莱珉银行、印尼人民银行和玻利维亚
阳光银行的风险管理经验进行了分析,并提出了借鉴意义,包括充分
利用老客户和熟人资源,简化手续的同时健全监督机制,加强与政府、
金融机构的合作,推行小企业联保体贷款等。基于上述分析,本文提
出娄底市汇丰小额贷款公司风险管理相关的建议,包括加强地区行业
分析,优化产品线,规范业务操作流程,合理控制贷款业务的成本,
加大对贷款的监测与审计力度,积极推动汇丰公司改制为村镇银行
等。
关键词:小额贷款,风险管理,金融机构
ABSTRACT
These papers analyzes the problem of risk management, risk of
reasons, as well as the combination of theory and practical experience at
domestic and abroad, and provide appropriate recommendations for risk
management of HuiFeng small loan companies, and also to provide a
reference for other similar small loan companies. At the base of analyzing
the related researches,this paper discusses the basic theories, such as
concepts, characteristics of small loans; risk management theory,
including the type of credit risk, the real bills theory, capital conversion
theory. On this basis, HuiFeng microcredit company's risk management
status analysis, including risk management mechanism, process, and
pointed out that HuiFeng companies on risk management issues,
including the small loan product design there are some limitations,
including pressure on borrowing costs, re-development, light the idea of
the risk management more generally, the loan before the loan in post-loan
problem, the company is also facing the difficult problem of financing.
Based on the above analysis, the recommendations, including
strengthening regional industry analysis, optimize product lines,
standardize operational processes and the reasonable control of the cost of
the loan business, increase loan monitoring and audit efforts, actively
promote the HSBC restructuring the company towns Bank. Foreign small
loan company has a long course of development, we have accumulated
abundant experience, and risk management experience of the Grameen
Bank and Bank Rakyat Indonesia's analysis and reference, including full
use of the old customers and acquaintances resources, simplify
procedures and improve the supervision mechanism, to strengthen
cooperation with the government, financial institutions and so on.
Key words: Small loans, Risk management, Financial institution